???????|??????????????????????????

????:????????:??????

???????!??????????????????

????????,????,???,???……???,??????????????,????????????????????????,??????,?????

??????,???????????????????????????

????

????????,????????????????“?????”……

???????????????????«????»???????????????,????????????,??????????

??????????,??????????

“????????,???,??????????????,?????”?????

??????,???????“??????????????????,?????,????”????,“?????,??????”

?????????,?????

1935???10???????????,????????7000??????1948??????3??????,??280????????????????????,??????????????

??????,??????3.7????????,??445?????????????????????????30????????????4.3???????……

???,?????????

???????????,??????

???????,???,???????????????……??????????,???

“??,??,?????????,?????????!”?????????«??????»,????????????????????????

“?????,??????!”????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????……????????????????????,??????????????

???????:“????????????100??,?,???????????”

??????,????

???????????????????,????????????????????????????70%???

“????????????”???«???»????????,“?????????,??????????,????????????,????????”

???????

??????“????”,????????,?????????????,???????????????,????????

????7?????,??????????,?????????????“?”?“???????????,???????????”?????,??????,???????????????“?????????”?????????

??????,????,?????????????????????????????????????,????,????????????

??,????????20???????,???????????16???????????????,??

??????????????????????90????????,???????????,??????????????,???????,???????,????????????????3?????????????,??????????

?????????,??,???,??????????????????????????,?“??”?

“?????????,???????????????,??????”???????????,???????

?????????,????????????,?????????????

????,«??????????»??,??,????????????????????????,????,????????????????????????

7??????,?????????????,????????????????????,??????????,??????

????,????……???,???????,???????????,??????“???????????”????????,??????????????????

2019??????????,?????,???????????“????,???????????????????”???

?????,?,????????

2023??????????6???,???,??????????????????????????????,????????????????????

??,???????,???????«?????????»,????????,???????????????

“?????????,?????????????????????,????????????,???????????”????

??

?????,?,«???????????????»??????????,“???????????,???????????”??????????,??????????

??????,?????????

???,??????,??????

????9???,??«???????????????»,????????????80??????????????????,???5??????1?????54?????????????????,4???????

“????,??‘?????????’???????”?????????????,“????????,??”

???????,??????????????,????????????????«?»??????????

????“????????”,???????????????????????????????????????:“???????,???,?????”

????????????????????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????????????,??????????;?????????????????????????????????,?????????……????????,???;?,????????

???,???????“?”??????????????,?????????????

“??,????,??????????”????????????“90???????????????”????????????????????,“?????????,?????????”

????????,????

???????????,4?????????????,????;?????600????

2023???,1100?????,???;????????????,?????????

“???????????????,?????;?,??????;???,?????”?????????,?????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????

??????????,????????????????????,??????????????

???????,????,???

??????? ????????:?????????????? ?????????:????????