????75????(??????????)

????:????????:???????

?75??????75??,??????????????????????,???????????????????????????,?,??,???????????????????????????,??????????

??,??????????????????,??????????,2023???223???????????????????GDP??????????????89?????????43.6????????????????????????……?75???????????,“??????”?75???????,?????????“??????????”?,???????????????,?????

? ??

??7.9%

?

?????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????????,?,????????1952??????????????????679????,?1978?3679???????????;?????????,??,1986?????????1?????????????,2000?10??????,2006??????20????,?????????12??????10??????????,2020????100???????????,2023?126??,?????????????,2023?????1952??223????,??7.9%;??????????,19792023???????8.9%,??3.0%???????

??GDP??????????8.9?

?????????????

1952??????????????????????????????,??????????????????GDP???119?????,?????????????,?????????GDP?????????????2019?,???????????GDP???????70078?????,????????10158?????????????,?????1???????????;2023????89358????????????,??1952?89??,?6.5%,??12681???????,?????????3?1.2???????????????,2023??????????(GNI)?1.34????,??

???????

??????????

????,??,?????????1952?????????,???????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????????,???????????????,?????????????????

???,??????????,?????????,????,???????????????????2023?????????????,?????????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%?????????,?????????9??1.3???????????,???????????????????,?????????,????????????????????????,?????,?????????“?????+”??

“??????????”??22.4?????????????

????????

???????,????,???????????????????,?,??????????

20132023???????,??????????????????8.7%?10.3%,????,??????????????????????5G??,“???????”??????,???????????

???2023???????????????????,????421??????????????????;???,?????????????????

???????????????????,???????????????????????????????,“?”?????2023???,?????????“??????????”????????????22.4????????,?GDP???17.73%?

???????????

?????????

1949?????2.2?????,??????????????????????????8.1???????????????????,?????????????????????????75??????????,????????????,???????????????????,???????????????????????,???????????????????????

2023????,???15.9??,???????????????????????1949??????6?????,??4.5?,?????????2/3?;?544??????,?????????????66?????,?18.4??????????????,?????;????????????12.8?????????????????,??????????????????????????74.1%;??876???????????????????????????,2023????1.7???????????????????,??????2016?????10???,???,???????????????????????????????????????

??????3.92?

????????????

1949?????49.7??1978???????????????,????????????171?,????????151????????,?????????????????,?????????,????????????,???,???????????????2023????????,?????????39218??,?????????1949????76????????,????????????6.0%;???????26796??,??1956????36??????????,??????????5.5%?

?????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????2023??,???29.8%,?????????????1978???34.1??????;??????45.2%,??????????2013???5.5??????????????????,??,????2023?,????????49.7?,??????????????????????????????145.9?????,??2013????2.9??????2.1???

?

???????????

??,???????????????????,???????????

????,???????????????????????????,??????????????????,???????????,????????????,??????????,???????????????????????????????

2023??????,???10.66????,??1989????10.09???????????????????;??????2.44???????3.02??,???1994?1.64?????????????2.84??????????????????????,??????????,????????????,??

9899?

????

????,?????????????????????????20???5070???????????????,???????????????,????????????,?????????????????????“????”?????????,????????????????,??????????????

????????????,?????????????????,??????????????8??????????,?2020?9899??????????,832??????????,12.8??,?????????,????????????????????????????????????,?10????«????2030????????????»???????,????,??

???????60%

??????????????

?????????????,?????????????????,??????????,????

2023??,????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????1.6?????4542????????,???????1949??????????6.4?????????103???????,??(OECD)????????????

???,???????????,?????????2023???,????????60%,?????;????1982????????????8???????????????11.05??,?????????????????????????????

??

?

1950??,????????????????11.3?,?????????1978??206??????????,??,2001?????????,?,????

??????????,??,???,??????????????????1978??1%???????2023?????????????12.4%,??????????7???????????????“????”???,???150??30????????????230??????????“???”???,??25???????????200?????????????,??“??????????????”?

??

??????????

????????,???????,??????,?????????????????????????,??1999????,?????????????????????????????????2012?????????,????,????????4.9,?1952?8.1?

??,?????????????????????????????????????,??20132023?,?????????????6.9%?7.1%,???2023???????????,???????46.7%?24.4%,?????????2012?????????2.9????????0.9???

??????????46.3??

??????????

????????,????????????,????1956????????“???????????????”??,??????????????????????????????????????????,??,???????????,??

????????,????????????,???????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????“????”,???????,??????????11??????,??????????????,??????????????????????????2023???,?,??????????????????????????????46.3???

?????????????????66%

?????

?,?????????1949??????10.64%,1978?????17.92%?????,???????????,?????????????????????????2023????????????,?????????9.3???,?????????????1978???7.6????????;?????????66.16%,????????48.24???????

???,??,?,??????????2023??????????,??48.3%,??????2015??????8.4??????,??,??,???????????????2012???????2.88:1??2023??2.39:1?2023??????????,????????12.4:1,????2013?1.4?2023????????????460??,??????99%?????,?????????????14.4??

??3246?????????????????????????6833????

????

1949????????????????????,???????????????,?,?,????????2023?????????,???3246????????????????????????6833??????????,?????1949???????????59??325????;?119?????(????????????)?

??,???,?????????,??????,??2022???????????,?????????????????????4.46%,??????????2013?????????0.77????????;???????2012?????888??2023??????????1622???????????????

??78.6???????????????????????

??????????????????

????????,??????????,????75?,?????,?,??2023?,????????107????????????,?1017?,????1249??

?,??????????,?,??2023??????????????,??????????13.34?????????,????????????????2018??????????????95%????????????2023??????????,??????????78.6????????,?1949????????????43.6??????????????????????????,???

???24.02%

???

20???????????????50?????????????????????????????,??????,?????,?,?????“?????”??2022?????????,???????9014????,????20???80?25?????30?;???18%,?????

????????????,“????????”??????24.02%?2023?,????????(PM2.5)?????????????2016??28.6%,?????????21.6??????????????,???????????????,?“???”??“???????”,???(??????????) ??????:????