????75????(??????????)

????:?????:???????

???????75??????????75??,?????,????????????????????????????,???????,????,???????????????????,????????????

?????????,????,????????????,2023????????????223????????GDP???89?????????43.6????……????????75???????,“????”?????75????????,?????????“??”??,?????????????,??????

???? ??

????????????7.9%

????

????????,???????????????,???????,????????????,?????1952???679?????????,?1978???3679?;????????,??????,1986???1?,2000?????????????????????10??????????,2006???????20????????????????????,????12???????10???,2020???100??????????,2023?126?????,?????????,2023?????????1952?????????223?,???7.9%;??????????,19792023????????????8.9%,??3.0%???

?????GDP?8.9?

???????????????

1952????,??GDP????119??????????????,??,??????????GDP??2019??????????????????,???????????????????????GDP??70078??????,?????10158???????????,????????1????????;2023?????????????89358?????????,???????????????????1952?????89??????????,?6.5%,??????????????12681?????????,???????????????????3?????????????????1.2??????,2023???????????(GNI)???????????????????1.34????,???????????????

????????

????????????

?,????,???????????????????????????1952??????????,???????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????,??????????????,??

???,??,????????????,????,???2023?????????????????,?????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%????????,??????????????9?????????????????????????????1.3??????,?????????????????,?????,??????????????????????????,???????,????????“???????????+”????

“????”??22.4???

???

????,?????????,????????????????,??,????????????????????????

20132023?????????????,????????????????????????????8.7%?10.3%,???????,??????????5G???????????,“????????????????”??????????,?????????????????

????????????2023????????,????????????421?????????;???????????????????????,???????????

??????????????,??????????????????????????,“??”???2023?,?????????“??????????”????????22.4??????????????,??GDP?17.73%?

??

??????????

1949??????????????2.2???????????,?8.1??????,???????????????????75?????,?????????,???????????,?????????????,??????????????????

2023???,???????15.9????,???1949???6??????????,??4.5??,??????????2/3???;??????????????????????????????544?????????????,??????66????????????,??????????18.4????????,?;????12.8?????,?????74.1%;????????????????????????876??????????,2023????????1.7??,??????2016?10????,??????????????????????,???????????????????????????

???????????3.92??????????

??????????

1949???????49.7???????1978?????,???????171??????????,??151?,????????????????????,????????,?,??????????,??????2023?????,?????????39218???????,?1949????????76?????????,????????6.0%;?26796??,????????????1956?????36??,??5.5%?

???????????,?????????????????????,????????2023???,??????????????29.8%,????????????1978?34.1????????;??????????????45.2%,??????2013???????5.5????,???,????????????????2023?,??????????????????49.7??,?145.9??????,?????????????2013????????????2.9???????????????????2.1?????????????

??????????????????????????

?????

??,?????????????????,???

??,??????????,???????????????,??????????,??,?,??

2023?,???????????10.66??????????????????????????????,???????????1989??????????10.09????;????????????????????2.44???3.02???,??1994????????????????1.64?????2.84???????????,???,?,????????????????????????

9899????????

???

???,????????????????????????????????20??5070???,?,????????????????????,????“???????”?????????????,?????????????????,???

???????????????????,????????,???????????????8????????????????????,?????????2020??????????????????????9899?????,832??????????????,12.8?,???????????????????,?????????????????,??????????10?????????«????2030????????????»????,???????,???????????????

?60%

??????????

???,?????????????,???????,??

2023??,???????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;?????????????????1.6????????????????????4542?????????,??????1949????????????6.4??103??,?????(OECD)?????????????

??????????,????,?????2023????,?60%,??????????;?????1982???????????????8??????????11.05??????????,?????????????????????

?

??

1950???????????????,?????????????11.3?????????,??1978??206????,??????????,2001?,?????,?????????????

?????????,?????????,???????,???????????????1978?????????????1%?????????2023??12.4%,????????????7???????????????“????”??,?????????????150??30????????230?“??????????”????????????????,?????25??????????200?,?????????“??”?

?????????????

????????????

?????,???????????????????,???????????????,???????????,???????????????????????????1999?,??????????????????????2012?,?,?4.9,???????1952?8.1?

??????,????????????????????,????????????????20132023?,???????????????6.9%?7.1%,??????????2023?,???????????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,??????????2012??????????????2.9????????????????????????????0.9?????

??46.3???????

?

???????????????????,???,??????????1956??“?????????????”??,?????????????????,?,????????,?????

?????,???,????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????“???”,?????????????????????????,??????????????11??,??????????,????????????2023?????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????46.3?????

???66%

???????????????????

???,????????????????????????1949??????????10.64%,1978???17.92%?????????,???????????,???????????2023???,??9.3??,?1978????????????????7.6?????????????;???66.16%,???48.24??????????

????????,???????????,??????????,???????2023??????????,???48.3%,??2015??8.4???????????????,?,???,????????????2012?????2.88:1????2023?2.39:1?2023??????????,??12.4:1,???????????2013???1.4?2023??????????????????460????????????,???????????????99%???,?14.4???

??????????3246???????????????6833??

????

1949??????????,???????????,?????????????,??,?????????????2023????,?3246???????6833???????????,??1949????????????59???325????;?119?(??)?

???????????,??????,??,????,???2022???????????,???4.46%,???2013???????0.77??;?2012??????????????888??????2023????????1622????

????????78.6?

?

??,???????,????75????,?,??,???????????2023?,??107?????????,?1017?,????????????1249???????

??,??,????,???????????2023?,????????13.34??????????,?2018?????????95%??????????2023????????????,?78.6????,???????????????1949???????????43.6???????,????????

?????????24.02%

?????

20?????????????50??????????,?,?????????????,????,????????“???”??????????2022????,???9014??????????????,?????????20?80?25??????????????????30?????????;??????????????????????????????18%,???

????????????,“???”???????24.02%?2023????????????,???????(PM2.5)??2016???28.6%,????????????????21.6??????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????“??????????????????????????????”??“??????”,???(??????????) ?????????:??