????:1???????????:????????

2?????v

3??????????

4??????????

5???????????

????????,???50??,??????????????????????,????????10?????????????,????????????“????????,????????”??????????

????????:“?,???????????????????????,????????????,????”

????????????????????????75???????,????????????,??????????????????,?????????????,??????????????????????????,????????????,????,??????????????

???

????

?????:“??????,???????,????”

?????????????????,??????????????????1956????“?????????”??????60????,???“???????”???????,???????,??????1450??????……?????????

??;????????????????;???????????????????????,???????????????……???????,?????????

????,???????????????????,????,????????????????,????,???????????????????????

????“???????”,????“???”,?????“?”????????????????,“15????”???????,“???????”???????,???,“?????????”??,“?????????????????”“?????BA”?????????????????????,?????????????????????……????????????

????5??????,?2.89?????,?????????????????“????????”??????????2.6????……????,???????????

????

??????????

??????????????:“??????????????????,???,???”

9??11????????,200???2024?????????????“???”??????????,?100????????“???????????”??????

????2015????????????????????10?????????????,???2018????????????,??????9??????????????????83??,???……???,?“???”?

??????????????,???????????????

2023???,?????????100????,????24??????????????,???????????????10???????????????????2024???????????????????????,100????????????????????????,?????????????????????

????????,???????2012???2023?????????,?1244?????????????,???161???????????????????,???9???????????4?????????2???????????????????,???????????????????????????????,????????????????40???27????????????????24?????????????,??????????

“??????????????????,????????,??,????????”????????????????????

???????????????“?????????????????????”

?

?????:“????????,??????????,???????????????,?????????????”

???????,???????,??????????????????:“??????,???,????”

?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,?????,????????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??????????,????

???????,???????????????,“?????????????????????????????”???????“????”????????????5????????????????????“?????”,??4.5????????,?????????6.43??

???,?????????2012????????????????????2022???????,???????15.4%,????????0.60%?????1.08%?2023?????????????528.9???????,??????????????178%?????????????,???????????????????????????????

???????????,????????????????,?,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??,???,???????????????????(?????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????) ?????:?????????????