????:1?spa????????:????????

2?????????

3????????

4????????????

5???????

??1???23??????? (?? ???)?????23??????,2024????????(R&D)??3.6??????????(?,????),??????????R&D??????(R&D???GDP?)???

??????,2024??,?R&D?????????????????36130??,??8.3%,??

??????????,2024???????????,?????R&D?2.68%,??????????????????????0.1???????????????????????,??R&D??12??????,???(2.11%),?????(OECD)???????????????(2.73%)?

?????????????????,??????2024??????????,?2497?,???????10.5%,????R&D???2.2???;?????R&D???6.91%,??????????0.14?????,???

??,?,??????????,????,???????????????????????????????,2024????????????R&D?????,?????????????,?????(?????) ??????:??????????????????