????:1??????????:???spa???

2???????

3????V

4???????????

5???????

??9????????????????30????????? ?????:?,????????????????????????“????”

?????????????

??????? ?

1949?10????????1??????,????????????????????????,?????????????

?????20????????????1949?????:???

???????????????«1949?????????»,?????????????300????1949????????,??,???75??????????????

«1949?????????????????»????? (????????)

1949?????????????????????????????????,?“????????????”?????????????????????“??????”??????????,?????

?????????????????:????????????????????:?????,?????“?????”???????????????:??????????????????

????:

????:??????????,??????????????

?:??????,????????,????,????????????????????

???????(?)????????????????,????,??

???????????,??,?????????????????,????????

????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,???????“???”??????

?????????“?????????????”????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,??,?????????????????

???????????,??,??“????”???????

??????????,??????,?????,?????????????????????????????????,??????

??,???????????«???????????????»?????????????????,?????????1??????,????1938????????????,???????????????,??????

????????????:«1949?????»?????????75????????????????????????,???

???????????:??

??????????,????????1949????,????????????,?????????????????????,???,?,???

???????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????,???????

????????,?????????????,??“??????????????”?,????????????????

?????,??“???????? ??????????”????????????,?,?????????????

1949????????,????????????????,????????????????????,?????????

?????,?????????????????????????????????,?????11????,????,???

????????????«1949?????????????????????????»?????????????????:1949?????????????10?????????????????1???????,????????,??, ??????? (?????????????)

???????????:1949?????????,??????????

??????:«1949????»????????,????????????????????????????????????,??????1949????????????

1949??????1????????????22?,??????????????????????55???????«????»,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?,???

1949???????????9?????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????

??????????,?????,????????????1949??,“??????”?????????????????,?????,?????????????????«?????????????????»?:“???,???,???????????”

????????,??????????1948????????????81?????,?60?,????????????,??

1949???????????10????1?????????????,??????1949?????,?12???????,8?????????,?????????,??,??????

????????????:?1949??????????,?“???????????????????????????????”?

??????????:???,????????????????????????????????????,???1789???,??«?????»?????1776????????????,???1917??????

????????,?????,???,???????????????????,?????«??????????»,?????????,???????,?,??

??????????????????,“?????”?,?????,?????1949???????????????????,????,??,???????,?????????????????

1949?,????

?1949????4?????????????,???????,??????,??????????,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????,???

?????????,?????????????????????????????,????????,???????,??1949?????????????????????,????????(???????????????????)

?????????«1949???»???????????????:1949????????10??1????????????,?????????????????????????? ???????????????? ??«1949????????»?????????????:1949??????????10?????????????????1??????????,????????????????????? ?? ?????«1949?»???????:1949???????12????????????2?,?????(???)??????????????????? ?? ??????????«1949???»???????????????????:1949??????????12???,????«?????»??????????????? ???????

?:

?????????????????????????????? ??????

?????,?,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,?????,??????«???????????????????»«?»?????????????????????

?????????????????:?????????