????:1?????????:?????

2?????spa

3?????

4?????QQ

5???????98?

??????????2???13?? (?????????????? ????????????)????????,???????,????????????,??????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13??,?????????????????????????,??????????????155±9GPa,???????????40%??????,?????????????????????????1100?,???????????????900??

?????????1967???????????????????,?“????”????????????????,????,???,??

????,??????????????,????????50GPa??????,??????????????????????????“?????????”?????????????????????????,??,??????????????

??,??,??????

??????????????????????????,???????????????????????1.2?????????????????,??,?????????????????,????,????(??) ????????:??????????????