???????????????:??“???”??????

????:??????:?????

?????????11???????23???????????????????????????? ????????????:?“?????????????”???

?????????????

??? ?? ???????????????? ?????

“???????????????”??11????????18??20??????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?“????????”???????????????????,???????,“??????”???,???????????????,???????,??????????“???”,?????????????????,????

?:

??:???????????????

??????????????????????:20???????????70??,??????????????????,??????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????“??”?

?????????????????(Thomas Berry),???????????“??”?????“????????????????”?????????,???????(William Theodore de Bary)?????,???????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)???????????????????

2024??????11??????????20?,“?”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????(???)???? ????????????? ??

??:???“?”????????????????????????,??????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????:????“?????????”“??”“?”????????,“??”???????????????,???“????,??;??????????,??”,?????????“???????”??????

“??”????????????????,??“???????????”,??????????“??????”?,?????,??,???????????????????????,????“????”?“?????”??????“????”???????,???,??“???????????????”???????????

?,??,????????????????????????????? ? ?

???????????????:??“??????????”“???????????”“?????????”?????????,???

??????????????:??????????,???????“?”,????“???”,???“?????”?“??????????”??

????????,??????????,???????????????????????????,????,????????????????????????“?”???,?????????????????,????????,?????????

???:???

????????:???????????,???????????,???????????????????????????????????????????……??????????,?????“???????”????????????

70?????«?????»????,?,???“??????????????”??«????»,????????????????????????????????,??????????????,?,???????,???????,??????,??????

??:???

??????????????:??,??,?????????????????,???,???????????,????????????????,????,???????????????,???????,??????????????

?????????,????,???????“???????????”?????????????,?????????“???????????????”?????,???????????????????,??,????????????????????????????????

2016???????????????,?????????????????????,??112??????????????????????? ????? ????????

?????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????“??”????????,?,???????????????,?????????????????????,??????“??????”,???(?????)

?:

????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????

??????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???????????,????????????????1997?,??????«??»«?????????»???«??????????????????»?

???:?????