????:1??????????:????

2????????

3???????

4????????

5??????

?1?23??????????????? (??????? ?????)????23?,2024?????(R&D)??????3.6??(????????,?????????????????),???????????R&D?????(R&D?GDP??)????

???,2024??,??R&D??????36130??,???8.3%,??????

??,2024??????,????R&D??????????2.68%,??????????0.1??????????????????,?R&D??????????12?????????????????,???????(2.11%),?????????????????(OECD)?(2.73%)?

??,??????????????????2024?????,?????2497?????,??10.5%,??????R&D???2.2?????;?????R&D??????????6.91%,??0.14???,???????????

?,????????????,????,????,???????????????????????????????????????,2024??R&D?????,??,??????(????) ??????:??????????????