???????????3????????

????????????,??????????????

2024 ??????????????,????,?«????»(??????????????“???????????????????????”)????????????,?????,??? 3 ?????,??,????? 7.86%,?????????

???????????????,2018 ?? OECD(????????)????????????????????????? 3 ????? 33.8%???????????,?????????????,??????????????“???????”??????????,???

?????????,??????“???????”????????????????,????????????????????????????????

??,?????????????????2025???????????????,???“??????”???????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????

?,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ???-3 ??,????????????????? 6 ???????;????????????????????????????????????????????????;??????????????????????????

????????2024 ?????????? 11 ?,?? 20 ?????????«????????????????????»????????,??????,???

?3????????????????

????????,???????3????????

??,2018????????????,????????????3???,????,???????????????????????????2???????92.1%???,2????56.5%,1??????33.2%?

??,??????????????????“????????????”,????????????????????????

???????????,2018??????????????????????????OECD ???3?????? 33.8%?????,2024???????????,???3????7.86%?

????????,????????????,???????????????????

«2019?????????????»(?????“2019??????????”)??6?15-49 ?????????????????????????,??27.6%????? 2016 ??????????????,? 1/3 ??2024??????,??????,?????????????3????????

?????????????,??????????????

“?????,???”

??,????Papi??,??1????3?,?“????”“???????????,????????????”????

????????????????2019?,????????????

??,?????????,??????,???????,?????????????,????????

??,???????,????????????2019 ???????,???????????,???

???????????????,????2017??(???????????????????????????????????)??????0-3 ?????????????????????(??????????????“?????????????????”????)?????????????,???????????,???????????????12%??????????

??,?????????????2019?????????????????????????,??,????????????0-3???????????????????,??2.2%????????????????????????????????????

?????,???,??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????

???????????????????2024???????,2023????,??89.5%,?(??????)???????1978???????,?5500???????????????????????,??????????????????,??????,2023??????????????????????46.7%?

“(?????????????????)????????,??????,”?,??,?????1???????2?????????????????,????????????

??2024???????????12??????????,??0??1????????????,??1-2??1:3,?????2-3????????1:4?

???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????,????????,???????????????????????

??,???????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????2????,???????,???????,??,???????????????????????????,???????????????

??????

????,?????,??????

2022??????????????CFPS???????????,10????,?????????,????????????????????

?????????,???????????2012?????????2022????,???????????3????????????????????????6%???????,????????

??????,?????????????,2022?????????3?????????????58.7%?

?????,?,??????

?????????:?,?????

??2019???????????,???????????,???3???????????????????????????????“?????”?

????????,?,???????

???????,????,????????????????????????????,????

??????20??????????????50?????????????????????70?????????????????????,?????,??????????????????????,1954????,????????????????????????????4003?????????????,2670??,?,??????????????????

?,1950??,??????,???

?????,????????????????????????????????????,1960????????????????????70%,????????

????????,????????????????????,1963??????????2975?????????

??,????????????,1984????

“??????”??????????????????????????????????1955???????,????????,??,?????????????????????,??????,????????????????

?????????????,??,??,??????????????,?????75%~85%,???90%?

??,???20???????90??????????????

?? 20????90?,??????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????

??,??,1981??,?????????20?????,?????????562????????????????,???????????????10.5????????????????????2022??????????????????????????????,????30???????????,??????????????1414??

??21?????????????,???????? ?,?????????????,?????????????????????

????????????????,????,?????????????????

????????2015?????????????????,?“??????”?????,?????????????????????????????????????2022?????????????,?????????? ,?????????,???????????

?????????,??“??”????,????“?”??????,??????????????????????,2021?????????,????????????????????“?”,??300????? ?????????????????????100????????,?300??????

??????????????,?????????,?????????“?????????????”“?????????????????????????????”????????????????????“???????????????”?????????????,?????

??????????,?????????????????????,???,????????,?????,????????????,??????????,???????????

???????????????????????«??????»?,???????????20??????????????,??,??????????????,??,??????????????????????“????????????????????????????”??????,??????????????:“????????,??”?(??? ???????????? ? ????????? ??) ?????????????:??????????????????