????:1??????????:?????

2???????????

3?????????

4???????????

5?????????

???????????????????????? ??

????????????“??”???????,«??????»???????????????,“???”?????????????????,?????????,??????,????????“?????????????”?

??????????,???????????,????????????????????????????“?????????????????????”?????????????????,?????????“????”????,????????“????”??,???????,????“??????”,??“??”??????????,?????????????????,?????????????“?”?

????????????,????????????????????????“????????????????????”,???????????????????“???”???“??????”?????????,????,“????”????“?????????”????????????????????????,???????????,??“??????”??????,??????????,???????????????????????“????????????????????”??????????

????,??,???????????????????????????????“??????????????????????????”????????????????7????????,????????????????,“???????????”?25????????,????,??????????????????????????????????????“??”??????????(FBI)???????(CISA)????(NSA)????,“???‘?????????’(Volt Typhoon)”???,???????????????????“?????????”???

??????,?????????????????,??????,??????,???“????”?????????????????2013????????“????”??????,???,??????,????????????????????2021??????????????????,???(DR)?9??????????,2012???2014???????????,?????(NSA)????????????????????,???????,??????????????????2023??????????????1??????????4??,???,????????????????????

?,??,???????“?????????”?????????“???”????????????,????????????????????????????????????????,???1978??????«????»?????,??????????????????????702??,???“?????????”???????????????,?????

??,??????????,????,????“???????”“???????”??????????????????????????,?????????“??”?????,???????????,???“???”????,?????(?????????????????) ????:??????