??,?“??”?????

??

????????????:?????????????

???????????2025.2.17??????????????????????1175??????????????????«????????????»????????

??????????????????,?????????

????1???????,??????????

?????????2022????????4??4?????????????????,????????,??????????????????,??????S????????????????,??????????????????????,???,?????????????

?????,?,????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,????,??

3??,???????,?????????????????????????????????,????,????,???????,?????????????????,?????,????????,???????????????????????,??3.7?????????????

“??????????,??????”????????«??????????»????????,?????????????,??

????

????????????,????????????“????”?????

?????1?????3?,???????,?????????,??????????????,????,???????,???,?????,????????,????????,???

???????????????,?????,???,???“??????????????”?????????????????????????“?????‘????????’????????????,???????????????,??????????????,?????”?????????????(???????????????????)??«??????»????????

2022?????,????,????????“??????”??????“??”?????????????,?????????,???????????,??

????,????????,?????????????,?? “?”“???????”?????????????,???????????

“??????????”?????????,???,?????????,?????????“??????????”????,??,????????“????????????????”,??????????????????,????????????,???????

??????12??????,??,????????????,???????,??????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????7??????????,??????????1012?????,???

?????,????,??????????????????????,???????????,???????????,??????????????????????????????????,????,????????????

“?????,????????????,????????,???????????????????????”??????«?»,??2013???????,??????????,?????????????????,???????,?????????

??????,?????,??,????????,???????????????????,??????????????,????????????????,???????????,?????????????

????????????,???????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????,????????????,????????,?????,?????????????????,??????,???????,??

????,?????????,?????“????????????????,????,?????????????”??,????,?????????????????,?????????

???????????????????????????????????,??,?????????????,???????????????,???????????

?????,?????????????????,?????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,???????????????????????,????????

??????1???????????????????,??15???????????????,???????“?????????”????????,????????????????????????????????????

????????,???????,????????????,????????“?????????????”??????,???????????????????????????“??????”?“??,???????????????????,???”???«?????????????????»?

?????

??????????,??????????“????????????”?

“??,????,????????????????”?????????????,???1996????????????,???????????????????,????????

?????????????,???????,??????????2001?,????????,??????????????2013?????????,???????????,???????????,???????,?????????????????????,???????????????3?????????????

“??????????”??????,21????,????,??????????????????,2015????????????????????,?????3????????,???“??????”?????????

?????????????????????43???,???????????6.1%??????????,????????????????2025????????,??,?????????????????3????

“????,???????”????????2023???????,?????,?????????????????????,?????,??????,????????????????,??

????????????,??????????«?????????????(???????????????????)????????»,????????????“?????????????”?????????????????,?????,????“????????,5?????????????????,4????????????????,1????????????????”?????

????????,??????????????“??????”???????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????????????

????????????????,???????,?????????,????????,???????????????????????

“???,???????????????????”??????2012????,?????????????????,????????????,???????????????,???????

????????????“????????????”?“?????????????????‘??????????’,??????,?????????????????,???????????????????”??,??????????????,??????????????????????????????,“???????????????”??????????,????????,?????????????????????????,??,??????

??????2022????????????????????????????????,?,??????,?????????,???????????,????,?????????????,???????,??,????“???”?????????

“?????????”??????,???????,????,??????,????????????????,??????,????????????????,??????????1?????????

???????,??????????????????????????????????,???,?????????,??????????????

?????????????????,???10??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??,????????????????,?2/3??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????

“????????????????????????”?????????????????????,???????????????,??????????,????????????“?????????????????????”?????????????,???,?????????????????“????????”??,????????????

??

?????????,??1??????????????,?????,“????????????????”???????????????

???????????????,????7??,????“????”???????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????“????????”,???????????,????????

??,?,???????????????????????????????“?????”??????,????????,???????,?????????????,??????????????,???????????“???”,?“??”????????????,“???????????????,????”?

???????????,????????,????????????????????,??:?????????

?????????12?????????,????????????????,??????????????????????????“?????,????,???1/6?”?????

?,?,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,????????,????????,??????????????,??????????,???????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????,?9????????????????,??????

“?????????,??,??????????,?????????????”??????

???????????????????????,?????200????????????????,?????300400??????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????,??100%,??????????1?1????,?????????????????????????

????????,???????????,“?????????”??????????????????,??????,??????????????,?????????,???

“????10%??,??????,????????????????????????????????????????”???????????,???????????

?,???????????,???????????,???,?????,?????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,“?,??????”?

“??,??????”????????????????????????????,??????????????1/10?“?????????????,??????????”

???????????????«???????????????????»,????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????,????????????,?????????6????????????

???????????????,???????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????“??”,????????,?????????????

“?????????,??????????”???????,?????,??????????“?????????”,?????“???????????????????”?

??

????????,????????????

2003??????????????,???????????,?????,??????????????????????????60??,????????????40???????????????????????????????????????,??????????,????,??????,?,????????,????????

20????????50????,????,????????,??????????,?????????????,????????,???????21???????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????,?,?,???????????????,??????????

????14???????????????????,??????,??????????????2008???????,????????????,?????????????,?????,??????,???????????????????,“???????”??,?????????,???

“???????????,????????????????”?????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,??????????,?????????????????

“????????????,????????????????”???????????“????????”,?“????????????”,??????????????????,??????,??????,??????????????

??2013?????????????????,??????????,???????????????????,???????,???????????,??,????????????,??????????????

“???,????????????????????”???????????????,????????????????????????(SBINZ)????,?????????????,??,???1????????????????,????1??????????????????????????????????????,????????,??????,????

???????????????????????????????????

“????????”?????,?????????????(USSA)?????(SIA)?????(NSAA)?????????(PSIA-AASI)????????????????(NSP)????????6??????????“??,????”

“??????????????????????????????????”?????,???????????????,??????????????,??????

“???????????,?????????,???????????,?,????????????”???????«????????»?

(????)

«???????????????»2025???????5??????????

???????????????????:??«???????????»?????????? ????????:???

?????????

???????,?“??”??????????

????????