????:1????????:????

2???????

3???????

4?????

5?2021??????

???????????11??23????????????? ??:?????????“?????????????”??????

????????????????????

??????????????? ?? ? ??????

“??”?11????18?????20???????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?????“??????”??????????????,??????????,“??????????????????”??,?????,??,?????“?”,??????,?????????????

?????:

?????????????????:????

?????????????????:20??70?,???,??????,??????,??????,??,????“??????????”?

????(Thomas Berry),??????????“????????????”????“????????”?????????????????????????,?????(William Theodore de Bary)??,?????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????????????????

2024????????????????????11????20?????,“????????”????????????????????????(????)???????????????????????????????? ??? ????

?????:???“?”??????????????????,?????????????????

????????????????:?“???”“???????”“?????????????????”???????????????????????,“?”??????????????????????,?????????????“?,???;?,???”,???“???????”??????????

“???????????????”????,????????“??????????”,????????????“?????”???????????,???????????????,??????????,??????????????,??“???????”??????????“??”????????????????????????“?????????????”????????????,?????????????????????,??“?????????????????”???

???????????,????????????????,????? ???????????????? ???

?????????:??“?”“??”“?”??????????????????,???

????????:???????????,???????????????“????????????????????”,?????????????????????“??????????????????????????”,???????????????“?????”?“?????????”?????????

??????????,?,?????,???,?“???????????????”??,?????,????????????????????,????

???????:?????????????????

??????????????????????:???????,????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????……???????????????,??“???”????

70?????????????«?????????»????,??,????????“??????????????????”????«?????????»,????????????????,????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????????????,???????,????????????????,???????

???????:??????????????????

??????????????????????:?????,?????,?????,???????????????,???????????????,?,??????????????,?,?,???????

??????,????,???????“??”????,????????????????“??”?????,??????????????????????????????,?,?????????

2016?????,???????,?????112??????? ??? ????

???????????????,?????????????,????????“?????”????????????????,????,?,???????????????????????????,???????“???????”,????(???)

????????:

?????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????

????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),????????,????????????????1997??????????,??????«?????»«??????????»????«?»?

??:????????