????:1???????:????

2???????????

3?????????

4?????153

5??????

??????????11??20?? ?????:“????”?????

????????????????????????????

??? ????????????

“??????”????????????????????“????????????????????????”“?,??????????????”“????????????????????”???????,????????????????????“?????”??????????????,????“??”,????,????,???????????

??????????:

?????:???

???:??,?????????,“?????????????”(???800?200????????)????,????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,??“?”?

?????????????,?????????“????”?,?????,??“??????”“??”??,?????????????,????????????????,“???????????????????”???,???“??”,?????

??????????????????????

????:“???”??

??:??????????(Louis Henkin)????????,“??????,??,??,???”“?”???,???????“??”?????“?”???????(?????),???,???????????????????????????,????????????????,????????

???,“??”?,?????“???????????????????”,??,?????????????????,?????????????????«?????»??,???162??“??”,???“???”???????????????????????????,“????”(«???»),“????????”(«????????????????????»),?????“??,????”(«??????????????????????»),????“??,???????”(«???????»)???“???????,????”(«????»,????????????????????????????«????????????????????????»)??????????????????,????????????“??”?????????????????????

????,“????”?????,??“???”,?????,????????????????????«???»??????“??,??,????????????,?????”(«??????????»)????????????“?????,????,???????????”(«?????????????????»)????“????????????????????”??????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????“????,???,?????,???”(«?????????»)????????“??????”?????,???????????????,??????

????????????????,“?????”??,???????????????“??”,????????????????,??,?????????,???“?”?????????,?????????????,“????”????“????”(«?????????????????????»),???????,?????????????“???,???”(«?????????????????????????»)?“????????????????”??“??”(«????????»)??????????“??”(«???????»),???????????????????????“???”(«???????????????????????????»)????????“???”???“?????????”????,??“??”“???????????”“?????????????????????????”???,???????“????????????????”????????,???????????????????,??????????“????????,?????????????????”(«???????????????????????»)?“????????,??????????????????”(«????????????»)?

???,“???”???????????????????????????????,??“???????”,??,?????????????????????????,???????????????,??“?????”???????????????????,??????????????“??”?????,?????????????????“?????????”(«????????»),????,????“???????”?????????????????????“???????????????????????”“????????”,??“????,???????”(«????????????????????????»)?“????,????????????????????”(«?????»),???

???????,“??”??“??”“???”“???????????????????????”“??”“??”???????,“?????????????”?????,“?????”????????,“?????”??,“????????????????”????,“????”?????????????????????,“????????”???????,????,?????????????????????????????

????????????????????

?????????????:?????“???????”???

????:“??”?????????????,???????????????????????,??,????,?????????????,?????,????,????????????????????,???????,????

?????????“??????????????”????,????????????2300????,?,????????????,???????????????????????????????,??,???????????“????”?????????????????????????,???

????????:????“???????”?????????“??”?

????????????????????:??,“?????????????”??????????????????“?????”??????????“????”,???:???????????????????“?????????????????”??,????,???;???,??????????,??,???;??,??,?,????(????)

??????:

????????????????????????????

????????,??,????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???,?????«????????????????»???????

?????:??????