????:1???????????:?????

2???????

3????????????

4??????????

5????????

????????????????,???????50?????????,???????????????,??????????????10??,????????“????????,???”?????????

?????????????????????:“????,???????????????,???????,?????????”

????????????????????????????????????75?????????????,?,?????????????????,?????????????,??????,?????,???,????

???????????????

???

??????????????:“???????????,?,???????????????”

???????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????1956??????????“???????”????????60????????????,?“???????????????”???????????,?????????????????????,?????????????????1450???……?????????????

?????????????;????????????????????????????????????;?????????????????????????,???????……???????,??

???????????????,????,????,???,????????,??????????

???“??”,???????“???????????????????????”,?????????????“?”?????,“15??????”????,“??”?????????????,?????????????????,“?????”???????,“???”“????BA”??????,??????????????????????????????????……?????

???????5??????,???2.89?????????????????,???“??????????????????”???????2.6????????????????????????……?????,??????

?????

???????????

????????????????????:“??????????????????????????????,??????????,????????”

9??11?????,200???2024????????“???????????????”??????????????????,????????????100??????????“?????????”?????????????

???????????????2015?10????????,?????2018????,????9?????83???????,????????????????????……???,????“?????????”?

???????????????????????????????,?????

2023????????????,???100??????,???????????????24??????????????????,???????????????????10?????????2024???????????,100?????????????????????,???????????

???,????????????2012??????2023???,???????1244???,?????????161?????????????????????????????,??9????4???2????,????????????????,??????????????40?????????27?????????????????????24?????????,????

“?????????????????????????????,????????????????,?,??????????????”?????????

????“??”

????

??:“???,????,????????????????????????,???????????”

??????????????,???????,???????:“??,???,??????????????”

???????????,?????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????????,?????,????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????

????,?????????????,“????????????”????“?”???????????????5??????“?????????”,??????????????4.5???,???6.43?????????????????

???????????????????,??????????2012?2022???????????????????,??????????15.4%,?????0.60%????????1.08%?2023?528.9????????,?178%???????????,???????????????????????????????????

???????????????,?????,?,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???,????????????,?????(???????? ???? ??????????????? ????) ?????:??????