????:1???????:95???????

2?????95?

3???150???

4??????100???

5???????????

??????7????????????????????4?????? ???????????????????????????:???38???????????????

?? ???

?????????:?????????38???????????:????????????:?

?????????????15??????????????????,????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????,?????,??

20?????????60??,?????????????????????????“?????”???????????????,??????1986?????????,30???????????????38???,?????????????????,?????????????

??????????????,??“???????????????”“????”?,???????????????????????????????,“????????,??”????????

2024???????????????????5?????????????????,????????????????? ?? ?????????

??????

?????,11?????????,???????????????????????,?????????????“??????????????????”??????????????????????,“????”????????

???????,?????????????????1987????«??????????»?

“??‘??’,?????????????????‘??’?”20???80?????,?????,100???“?!”?“??????”?

????????,????????,?????????????????1986??????,???

????????,???????“????????????????????”??????,???????????

1987????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????????????78?,???2470????????????

?,?????????????????????,?????«?????????»???????????,??,???????????????????

???????“???????”

??,??????,????????????????????1909??«??????????????»,?350??,????????100??????????????????,???????????????“???”??????????????

1987??????????????????????,?????????,???????(?????????)

?????,“???????,???,?????????,?????????”?

?????????????,??????????????“???????????????,??”??,?????,???????????????????

??,????????????,?,???

??,?????????????????,???????????????,2003??,?????“?????? ?”????????????,??????,???

???????????????????“??”

??????????????,????????????,??????????????1997????,?????,??100???????????,?????“????”??????????

“?,??????????????????????????????!”???,?????????????,?,?????

???,??????????;?“????”?????????????400??????????????,???????10????……?????,???????2000???????,???????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,???????,??????,??????????????

????????,????????????????……????,???

2001????????????,??????“??????????????”,?????

???????????????,????????????2019?????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????????,??????131?????,????????????????27?????????????????,?????

???????????“??”

“??????????,?????????????,???????????????????”??????????????,???

??????????,?“???????”,??????????????2022??????????????????2023?????????????,3842?????????520?????,?????151???????????,??????

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2024????6??????,???????? ??????????? ???????

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?????,????????????30???????????????????,??“??100”????????,??????????????100??????????????,????????“??,??”???????????????????

??????????????50??,???????????????????????????,????

“???????????,???????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????”?«????»????????

??????,??????????????????,????????????????????,“????,?????????????????????,????”?

“?????????,??????,?????????,??????”?????(????????)

??????????:

????????????????????????(William Lindesay),??????,???????????????,??????,??«????»«?:?»«???? ????»????????????????????,?1998?????;2006??????;2008?????????????????“?????”?

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