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???,??????????????????,???????????“?????????????????????”???1950???????????????????????(??cAMP?cGMP)?????????????????,???????????????,????????????????????????,?????,??,???????????KomA(????A)?KomB(?B)?KomC(??????C)??????????,????????????????(DNK)????“??????”:KomA????????????????????????????DNK???????,??????????(dAMP)??????dITP?????KomC??NAD⁺,??????“??”?????????,??,????????????“??????????”?,????“????”????????????,???????????????????
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