????:1??????:??????

2???95?

3???????

4???????????

5?????????

????????,????????????????????40????????????????????,????????????«???????????»«??????????»??,????????????????????;???????????“??????????????”??????????????,????????????????????????????2024????????????????????????????????(John Ross)??????,????????

“????”

??,?????????20?????????????70??????????,??????????“?????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????”????????,??,???????????,????????

?????????????,???????,????,?????????????????????,????????“???????????????,???????????,???????”????,?1/5,????????,???????????

?,?????2005??,????????????;2009????????????,???;2013????,???????????????,????

“???????????????,??”??????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????

????,???????????,????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????,???????????«?????????»,?????????“2018?????”?2023?????????????????,?????????????

“???????,??????????????????,??????????”????,??,???????????????????9????????????????,????????????????2024???????????????

“?”

“??????,?,????????????”??,??,???????

?“?”,???40?????????????????,?19???????????,????“????”?????,??????????????

????????????,??????????????????????,??????“???????????????????????????,???????????????”?????????????????,??????,?????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????

????????????????????,?:“???,???????,???”???????????????,?????????,?,?????????????????????,????????

????????,???????“?????????????”?????????????,?,“???????????,????”?????,??????????????“????(Learning from China)”???,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????????“??????”??????????

“????,??????????”

????????????????????????,???????????????????,?????????,??,????????????

“????????????????”?????????,????,????????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????

2020???????,?????“??‘?????’”???????????????,?????“??????????????”???,????????,????????????????,????????

????????,?????????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????????????,????“??????”???????,???????

“?????”???,????,???????????????????????“??????,?????????,?????????????????”

????,?????????,???????????????????????????,???????,???“???‘??????????????’????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????”

“?????,???????”????,?????????????????,“?????????????,?????,????????”(?? ?????)

(????????????????????????????????????)

«???»(2024????12?????????????11????????????????? ?? 08 ???????) ?????:?????????????????