????:1????98??:?????

2????????

3???????????

4????????????

5????????spa??

???????????11???????????23?? ??:??????????????????“?????”?????????????

?????????????????????????????

??????? ??????? ????? ??????????

“????????”??11??????????18??????????20???????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???????????“?????”??????????,???,“?????????”?,??????????????????????????,??,????“??????”,???,???

?????????????:

?????????????????:???

???????????????????????????????:20??70????????????????,??????????,?????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????,??????????,????????“???????????????”?

????????????????????(Thomas Berry),?“?????????????”?“??????????????”?????????????????????????,???????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??????,?????????????(Carlton Hayes)????????????????????

2024?11?20??,“??????????”???????????????????????????????(?)????????????????????? ?????? ???????????

????:???????????????????“??????????”??????????????????????,?????????

???????:?????????“???????????”“??”“??????”????????,“??”?????????????????????????????,???????????“?????????,??;??,?????”,????????????????“???????????”????

“???????????”???,???????“?”,????“?????????????????????”?????,??,????,???????????????????????,??“????????”??????????“????????”?“????????????????”???????,???????????????,??“?”????????

??,??,????????? ??? ??????????????????

???????:??????????“?????????????”“????????????????????????”“????”????,?????

????????????????:?????????????,????????????????????“??????????”,??“?”,??“???”?“??”??

???????????????????,????,?????,???????,???????????????“????????????”???????,?????????,?????,???

????????????????:??

??????????????????????????????????????:????????????????,???,???????????????????????????……?????????????,??????“?”???

70?????????????????????«??»????,??,??????????“???????”?????????«???»,???????,????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????????,?,?????,?????

?:?????

????????????????:??????????????,???????????????,??????????????????,?????,?????????,??,?????????,??,??????,????

???,??,?????????????????“???????”????????????????,???????????“??????????”??,??????????????????????????????????,?????,??????????

2016???????,??????????,???????????112????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?

??????,??,?“??”???????,???????????????,???,??????????????,????“???”,???(??)

???????:

??????????????????????? ? ?

????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),??????????,????????????????????1997????,?????????????????????«?????»«???»??????????????????«????»?

??:????