??????????????:????????“??”??

????:???????:????????

???????????11????????23????????????? ??:??????????“??”??

????????????????????????????????????

?????????? ?? ??? ??

“?????”??11?????????18?20?????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???????“?????”????????????????????,???????????,“?????”????,?????,???,??????“????????????????????????”,?,?????????????????

?:

??:??????????????????????

????????????????????????:20??70??????,?,???????????????,????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,?,???“??????”?

????????????(Thomas Berry),??????????“?”??????????????“?????”????,???????(William Theodore de Bary)??,????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)???????

2024?11?????20??????,“????”???????????????????????????(??????????)?????????????????????????????????? ?? ???

???:??“??????????????”???????????????,??????????????????

?????????????:?????“??”“??”“??”??????????,“???”???????????????????????????,?????????????“???????,???????????;????????,??”,???????“???????????????”??????

“??”???,????????????????“???????????????”,?“??????????”????????????????,??,???,???????????????????????????????,???????????????“???????”????“????????????”??????????“???”?????,????????????,???????“?”?????

?????,???,???? ?????????? ??????????????????

??:???????????“??”“?”“???”?????,???????????

?????????????????:????,?????????????“??????”,????????????????“????”,???“??????????”???????“???”?????????

????,??????????,???????,?????????????????,???????????????“???????”?,?????????????,????????????????????,???

??????????:??

???????????????:???,?,???????????????????????????????????……??????,???????“?????”?????????????????????

70??????????????????«?????????»??????,?????????????????????,???“?????????”??«?»,???????????,??????????????,???????????,?????????,???????????????,?????????????,????????????

??????????:?????

???????:??,???????,?????????????????????,??,???????????,?,???,????????????????,?????,???

??,??,????????????“????????”??,???“??”???,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,??????

2016????????,??????????????????????,?????????????112????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????

????????????????,???????,???“???????????”????????????,?,???????????,?????????????????????????????,??“????????”,??(????)

??????????:

?????????????????????????????? ? ????????????

??????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),?????,??????????????????????1997???????????,????????«?????????????»«?»?????«??????»?

??????:???