????:1???????:????98??????

2??????

3??????????

4???????

5????????

???????????????????????2?????????????13????????????? (??????? ????)??,???????????????,??????,???????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13?????????????????????????,?????,???????????????????????155±9GPa,???????????40%???,??????????????????1100?,???900??

???????1967??????,????????????“??????????????”????????????????,??,???????,???

?,??????????????????,??????50GPa????????,????“?????????”??????????,??,?????????

?????????,?????????????,??????????????????????????

?,??????????????????????????1.2???????,???????????????????,??,??,???????????????(??????????????) ???:?????