????:1????????:????????

2???????

3??????

4???????????

5????????

??????????????11???23????? ??:?“??”????

?????????

??? ????? ?????????? ????????????????

“??????”??????????????????11????????????????18??????????20???????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???“????????????????????????????”??????????????,?,“?”??,???????????????,?,???“?????????????????????”,??????,???

???????????:

???????:????

??????????????????:20???????????????70????,??,?,???????????????????????,???????,????????????,??“??????”?

??????????(Thomas Berry),???????????????“??”?????“???”???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??????????????????,???????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????

2024???????11???????20?????????,“??”?????????????????????????(????)?????????????????????????????? ????? ??????

???:??????????“????”??????????????,?????

?????????:????????“?????????”“??”“?????????”??????????,“???”????????,?????????“?????????,?????;???????????,??”,????????????????“?”??????

“???????”???,???????“?”,?????“?????”???????,???,?,??????????????,????“?????”?“????????????????”??“??”????,??,???“????????????????”????

???,?????,?????????? ????? ????????

??:??“?????”“???????????”“????????”????????????????????,???

????????????????????????????????????:???,???????????????????????????“??”,???????“?????”,??“???????”?????????????????“????”???

???????????????,????,??????????,??????????,???????????????“?????????”??????,??,????????,???

???????????:??

?????????????????????????????????:?????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????……????,????????????“??”???????????

70?????????????????«????????»?????????????,???????????????,????????“????”??????????????????«???????????»,????,????????????????????????,????,??????????,??,???????????,????

???????????????:??????????????????

??????????????????????????:?,??????????,??????,???,???????????????????,??????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????,???

?,???????????????,?????????????????????????????????“??????????”?,???“??”???????????,??????????????????????????,???,????????????

2016???,???????????????????,???112????????????????????? ????? ????????????????????

???????????,???????????,??“?”????????????,??,????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,?“???”,??(??)

???????:

?????????????????????????? ????? ???

??????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),??????????????????????????,?????1997??????????,???????«??»«???»??«???????????»?

???????:?????