????:???????,?????????????“DNA”?

????:?????:??????

??????10????????????1???(??????)????????????????????10??1??,????,?????????????,??????????102??????????????

9????27?????????????,?????????,?????,?????????????????,???????????????,?????,?????

????9??27??????????,?????????????????,??????(?:?????????)

??????,????????????,???????????,????????????;?,?????????????????????,??????,??????

“?????????,????”

????1957????,????

???????????,?????,???????????

??????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????,???????????????,????

??????????,?????,???????,??????????????????????,???????,??????????

1981?????????,?????????????????????,????????????????,??????????1986???????????????

?????????????????????,??,??“???????”,??????

“1984???????????????,?,??????,???,?????????????,????????????????????:???????????????????????,????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????”??????

???????,???????????????“??????????,?????????,?????,?????????????,?????????????,????????????????”

??????????????????:??????????? 

???“????????”????????????“??????????????”,??????????????????????,????????“?????”??????????“????????”???,???:??????????

“????DNA”

????80?90???????????,????????????????????,?????????????????“55??????????????????”,???????????????????????????,“55???”?,???????

????????????????,?????????,????,??????????,?????????????

????????

1988??,????????“??????”,??????????,????

??????,????????????????????,???????????????“?????????”?“???”?

????????????????,???????“???????”(????)????

1993?,“55?????”??????????,???????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,???

??????1997?????????,?“?”,???,?????????????????:“????????????????????DNA”?

???????????“DNA”????????,???????????

2007????????,????????????,???????:“??‘?,??????’,????”

2009??????,???????????????,?????????????????

?“?????????????????????”,?????,????“??????????”?????

???“???????????”??,????,??????????????????????,??????

2012???,??????,???????????,??????2018??????????,???,?????45%??????????????????“???????????”????,??,????????

???????????,???,?????????,??????????

?????????????

????

2013?5????????,??,“?????????????????????”?????????????????:“???????????,???”

?????,???????????????“??”???????????????????????????????“???”,??????

?????:???????????

???????????2002??????,?,??????????????????????“??????”?

???,??????????,???????????,?????????

??,????????????????????,???????,??

??????????,???“?”??,????,?????“????????????????????????”,????????,?????????,??????????????????????“?????????”???,???????

???,????????,???????,?????????????,??????????????,????????????,??????,????????,????????,???,??????,?????????????????????

????????????????:?????????