????????????:?

??????2025.2.17????????????1175?????«????»??????

??????,???????????????

?????1???,???????

?????2022????????4?????????????4???????????,?,??????,????S????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????,??????????

????????,????,???????????,????????,????????????????,????????????,??

3???????????,?????????,???????????????????????????????,????????,??????????????,?,????????????????????????,???,???????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,?????3.7??

“???????,????????????????”????«??????????????»??????,??????????????,?????????

????????????????

?????,????????“?”???????????

????????????1???????????????3???????,?????????,????????????????,???????????,????,????????????????????,?????,?????????????,?,??,????????????

?????????,???????,???????,????????“??”???“???????‘??????’???????????????????,??,??,????????”???????????(??????)?????«??????»???????????

2022??,??????????????,???????“????????????????”???????????????????????????“??????”???????,?????,??,???????

?????????????????????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,??????? “????”“????????”?????????,?????????

“?????”???,???????,???????????,?????“???????????”????????,????????,????“??????????????”,?????????,?,??????????

??????????????????12?????????,????????????????????????,???????????????????,???????,?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????7???????????,????1012??????,???????????????????

????????,??,????????????,?????,?????????,????????,?????????,?????????

“??,????????,??????,???????”??????«???????????»,???2013????????,???????????????,????????????????,???????????,???????????

????????,???????????????,????????????,????????????????????????,??????????,??????,??,????????,?????????????????

??,???????????????????????,???,?????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????,??????,???????????????,???,??,??????

?????????,?????,?????????????????????????“??,????????,??????????”????,??,???????????,????????????

???????????????????,??????????????,????,???????????,???????????

????????????,?????????????????,???????,??????,???????????,??????,????,?????

??????1????,?????15???????,???????????????“?????”???????????,??????????????????????????????????????

????????,?????,?????,??“?????????”????????,?????????“????????”?“??????????????,???????????,?????????????”????«?????????»?

????????????????

?????????,??????????“????????????”?

“????,?????,?????”??????,???1996????????,??,??????????

??,???????,??????????????2001?????????,??????????????????,??????????????????2013???????,??????????,???,????????,??,???????????3?????????????

“????????”??????,21????????,??????????,??????????,2015???,??????3???????,??????“????”?????????????????

??????????????????????43????????????,????????????6.1%????????????????????,??2025?????????????,????,?????????????3????

“????????????????,??????”???2023?,????,?????????????,?????,??,????????????????,?????????

?????????????,?????????«????????(????)???»,????????“????????”??????????,??????????????,??????????????????“????????,5?????,4??????????????????????????????????,1?????????????”??????

????,?????????“?????”??,??,??????????????????????????

?????????????????????????,??????????,????,??????????????????????,???????

“?????????????,????”?????2012??????????,??????????,????????,???,??

?????????????“?????”?“??????????‘?????????????????’,????????,?????????,???????????”???,??,??????????????????????????????,“????????????????????????”?????,?????????,????????,???????????,??????????

???????????2022?????????,????????????,??????????,????????,????????,???????,????,?????????,???????????,????????????????“????????”???????????

“????????????”?????????,??,???,???????????????????,?????,???????????????????????,????????,??1???????

?,?????????????????????,??????????,???????????????,?????

?????????????????????,????????????????10????????????????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????????????????,???????????2/3????????????????????????????????,????????????????????

“?????????”????????,??,??????????????,??????????“??????”??????????????????????????,????,?????“?????????”????????????????????,?????????

???????

???????,?????????????????1?????????????,?????,“?????????”???????????

????????,???????????7??????,?????????????“?????????????”????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“?????????”,?????????,?????????????

???????,???????????????,???????????????????????????“?????????????????”????,??????,????????????????,???,????,?“??”,????????????“???????????????”?,“????????????,???????????”?

???????????,????????,??????????,????????????:????????????????

????????????12?????,????,??????????“???????,??,????????????1/6?”??

???????,??????,??????????????????,??????????????????????,??,?????????????????????,?????????,???????????,?????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????,????,?????????9?????????????????,????????

“??????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????,?????????”????????

??????????????,??????200?????,????300400???????????????????,????????????????,??????,???????????????????????100%,???????????????1???1????,??????????

?,????,“?????”???????????????????,??????????,??????,???????????????????????????????,???????????

“???????????10%??????,???,??????????????????????????????????????????”?????????????,????

???????,??????????,???????????????,???????????????,??????,????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,“????????????,?????????????????”?

“??????,????????????????”?????????????????????????????????,??1/10?“???????,???????”

???«??????????????»,????????????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,???????,???????????????,???????????,?????????????????6??????????????

?,?????????,????????,????????????????????????????????,????????“?????”,???????,?????

“????????????,??”?????????,???????????,????“????????????”,??????“???”?

??????????????????

?????????????????,???????????

2003???,?????????????????????????,???,???????60?????????????????????,??40????????????????????,????????????,?????,??????????????????????,????,?????????????????,????????

20????????????50??,?????,??????????????????,?,????????,???????????????????,??????????21????????????????????????????,????????????,???????,???????,????,????,????????????

???????????14???????,??,?????????????????2008????????????????,???????,???????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,“????????????”?????????,??????????,????????

“???????,???????????????????????????????????”???????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????,????????,???????????????????

“????,???????????”????????????“????????????????????????”,?“?????”,??????,?????????,????????,???

??????????????????????2013?????????,????,???????????????????????,??????????????,???????,??,?????,????????????????

“????????,??????????????”??????,???????????????????(SBINZ)??????????,?????????????????,????????,??????????1??,???????????1??????????????????????????????????,??????,?,?????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????

“?????????????????”???????????????,?????????(USSA)?????(SIA)???(NSAA)????????(PSIA-AASI)???????(NSP)?????????????????6??“??????????????????,??”

“??????????????????????????”???????,??????????????,????,??????

“????????,????????,???????,????????????????,????????????????”???????????????????«??»?

(?)

«???????»2025??5????????????????

????????????????:??????????????????«???»????????????????????????????????:??????????????

??

??:???????????,??????????,??????????????