??,??“?”?????

??

?????:?????????

??2025.2.17?????1175??????«????????????????»???????????????????

????????,????????????

?????1???????????,?????????????

????????2022????????????????4????4??????????????????,?,???????????,??S?????????????????????????,????????????????????????,????????,???????????

??,?,???????????????????,??,??????????????,???????,????????????????

3?????????????,????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????,??????,???,??????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????3.7???????

“????,???????”?????«??????????????????»??????????,???,????????????

????????????????????????

??,?????????“?????????”?????????????

???????1??????????????3?????????????,??????????,???????????????????,?????????,?????,??????????????????????????????????,???????,????????????????????????,????,??????????,??

???,?,?????,????????“????????????”??????????“??‘????’???,???,?????????????,????????”????(????????????)?????????«????????»?????????

2022???????,?????????,??????“????????”??????????“?”???,????????,????????,??????

??????????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,???????? “???????”“??????????”????????????,??????

“?????”???????,?????????,?????????,???????????????????“??????????”????,??,????????“??????”,??????????,???????,?????????????

?????????????????12?????,????,?????,??????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??7????????,?????????1012????,????????

?????????,??????,?????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????????????????,????????????,??

“?????????????,????,?????????,??????”?????«???????????»,??????????2013????????????????????????,????????????,????,??,?????

?????????,???????,????,????????????,????????????????????,???????????,?????????????,????????,???????

???????,?????????????????????,????????????,???,?,???????????,???,???????????????????,???????????,????,???????????????????????

???????,????????????,??????????“?????,?????????,??????????”???????????,???????,????????????????????????,???????????????

??????????????????,???????????,???????????,?,???????

???????????,??,???????,??,?????????????????,???????????????,??,??????????????

???????????????1????????,??????15?,?????????????“????????”??????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????,???????????,?,???????“??????????????”??????????????,???????????????“?????”?“???????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????”????????«??????»?

???

?????????????,??????“?????????”?

“???,????????????????????????,???????”??????????,?1996?,?????,???

?????????????????,????????,?????2001?,????????????????????????,????????????????2013??,?????,???????????,???????,????????????,??????????3?????

“???????????????????”????,21????????????????,???????,????????????????,2015??,?????????????????3????,???“???????????????????”?????????

????????????????43????????,???????6.1%????????????????????,???????2025???????,?,????????3????????????

“?????,?????????”??????2023??????,??,?,???????,?????????????????,??????????,??????

???????,??«???????(?????????????)????????»,?“??”?????,??,????????????????????????“???,5???,4??,1??????????”????????????

?????????????????,???????????????????“???????????????????”??????????,???????,??????????????????????????????????

????????????????,???????,???????,??????????????????????????????,????

“???????,???????”???2012?????,????????,?????????,?????,????????????????

?????“?????”?“??‘???????’,???????,?????,??????”?????,??????????????,???????????????????,“???????????”???????,?????????????,???,????,????????????????????????????

????????????2022?????????,???,???????????,???????,???,??????,???????,????????,????????????????????????,????????????????“????????”??????

“?????????”????????,????,??,??????,??????????????,??????????,??????????,????1??????

????????????,??????????????????????????,????????,??????????,????????

??,????????10????????????????????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????2/3????????????????????????????????,???????

“??????”?????,??,??????????,?“?????????”??????????????????????????????,????????,????“?????????????”??????,?????????????

?????????

????????????????????????,???1?????????,?,“????????????????”??????

?????????????,??????7????????????????,?????????“??”????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??“????????????”,??????????????????????????????????,???????

????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????????????????????“?????????”??????????,????????????,?,???????,???????????,????????????????“??????”,??????????????“????”?????????,“??????????????????,????????????????”?

????????????,??????,????????????????????,??????:??????????

????????12??????,?????????????????????????,????????????????“???????,???,?????????1/6?”??

??????,???????????????,??????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????,?????????????,??,??????????,???????????????????,??,??????????????????????????????????,????????????,??9?????,??????????

“????????,?????????????,??????????????,?????????????”??????????????

????????????????????,??????????200??,????????????300400???????????????,??????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????100%,??????????1???????????????1??,???

????????????????,???????????,“?”???,???????????,???????????????,????????????????,???

“??????????10%??????????????,?????????,????????????????????????????????????????”??????????,??????????????????????

?????,????????????????????,????????,?????????????,??????,?????????????,???????????????,“?????,??????”?

“????????????,?????”??????????????????????????????????????,????????????????1/10?“?????????????????,?????????”

???????????????«???»,?????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????????????,??????????,??????6???

????????,??????????,??????????,????????????????????????????,???????????????“????”,??,?????

“??????????,???????”???????,????????,?????????“????????”,???????????????????“?????????”?

???

????,?????????????????

2003???????????,?????,??,??????????????????????60???,?????40??????????????,????????????,?????,????,??????????,?????????,????????????????

20??????50??,?????????,?,?????,???????????,???,????21????????????????,???????,???????????????,???????,??,??,????????????????

????????????14???????,??????????????,???2008?????,????,?????????????????,????,???????????,????????????????????????????,“??????”?????,?????????????????,?????

“?????????,??????????”??????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????,??????,?????????????

“?????????????????????,???????”????????????????“????????????”,????????“?”,????,????????????????,????????,?????????

?????????????2013???,??,????????????????????????????,???????????????,????,??????,??????,???????

“????????????,???????????????????????????”??????,???????(SBINZ)??,???????????????????,??,????????1??????,???????????????????1????????????????????????????,??????????,????????????????,?????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

“????????????????”???,??(USSA)?????(SIA)???????????????(NSAA)?????????(PSIA-AASI)??(NSP)??????6??????????“???,?????”

“???????????????????????????????????”???????????,??,????????????,????????????

“??,?????,??,????????????,???”???????????«????????»?

(????)

«???????????????????»2025??????5???????????

???????:??????????????????«???????»???? ?????:??????????

?????????

???????,??“?”??????????

????????