????:1???????:??????

2?95?98?????????

3??????????????

4????????

5?????????????

???11??????????23?? ????:???“???????????”??????????????

???????????????????

??? ???? ???????????????????? ?????

“???”??11??18???????????20??????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)??“????????”??????????????,??????????,“???????”???,?????,????,????“?????????????????”,???,???

?????????????????????:

???:????

?????????????????????????????:20??70??????????,??,????,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????,?????“??”?

???????????(Thomas Berry),?“????”???????????“?”?????????????,????????????????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,?????????????????(Carlton Hayes)??????????????????????

2024???11??20?????????,“????”???????????????????????(????????????????)???????? ??????????? ???????

?????:??????“?????????”?????????????????????????????,???????????

?????????????:????“??”“??????????”“???”????????,“??”????????????,???“?????????????????,??????????;???????,??”,???????????“????”??????????????

“??”?????,?????“?????”,???????“???????????”???,????,?,??????????????????????????,?????“??”??“??????????????????”??“?????????????”???,?????????????,????????????????“??”?????

????????,?????,?????????? ??????????????? ????

?????:???????????????“?????”“????????”“??????????”?????,????????????????

????????????:?????,????????“?”,???????????????????“?”,??“????????”?????????????“??”?????

??,??????,?????????,????????,?????????“??”??,??,????????????????,???????????

????????????????:????????????????

????????????:?????,?,???????????????????????????????????……????????????????????????????,????“??????????????”??????

70??????????«????»?????????,????,??“??”??«????????????????????»,?????????,???????????,?????,?????????????????????????,?,???????????????????????,?????????????

???:????????

?????????????:?,???????,?????,?,???????????????,?,??????????,???????,???????,????????????????

?????????????,??,???????????“??????????”??,????????????????“????????????????”????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,??????,?????????????????

2016??????????,??????????????????????,?112???????????????? ?? ?

?????,?????????????????,??????“???????????????”?????????????,???????,???,????????????????????,??“??????????????????”,?????(??)

??????:

?????????????????? ???????????? ????

????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),?,????????1997????,??????????????????????????????????????????«????????»«???????????»????«?????????????????????»?

??????????????????:????