??1???23? ?,?????????????????,2024?????,???????????(R&D)????,??????3.6???????????(R&D)????????,?????
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???,????,???????????,??????????(R&D)????????????????2024??????????????????????,??????????(R&D)??????????36130??????????,?????????????????8.3%,????????????,????
?????????????????????(R&D)????????
?????,2024??????,??????(R&D)?????????(R&D????????GDP????????)??2.68%,??????????????0.10???,??“???????????”?????????,?????????,?(R&D)???????????????????????????12?????,???????(2.11%),????OECD?(2.73%)?
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2024??????,??????2497?????????????????,?????????????10.5%,?(R&D)??????????2.2???????;??(R&D)??6.91%,???????????????0.14??,?????,????????????,???,??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????,2024???(R&D)??????????,??????????,??????????,?????,??????????,??????,?????,???????,????? ??????:???????
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???????????:??????????120%
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«??»??90?????,?21????
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«??»??90?????,?21????
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