????:2024-10-11 13:00:58 ??:????
????:?????????:?????????
????????????
2024????????9????19???????9??14???????????,?????59???????????????60???????,???????????????,????
?????????1994?,“??”??????????????
????????
?59????????????????????????60?????????????,????????:???????????????,?????????????
?????????,?2020?6??????????23???????????,??????????55???????????????????????,???????????????????????????56????????58??????,??????59???????????????????????60????,???????????????,??????????????????5??????????,?????????,???,????????????????????????,?????????????
??,?????????“?????”???????????????????????,???????????3??????:?????????????(GPS)???????????????????(GLONASS)??????????????????(Galileo)??GPS??????????????????,?????????,???,??????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????,??????????,???????????,?????????????????,???????????
??????????20?????????????,????,???:2000?????????????????,??????????????,??????,??????;2012??????????????????????????,??????????,????????????????;2020?????????????,????????????????????,???
?
???????,????????
??????????????:?????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????“?”??
???????????,?3???????,??,????????????,?????????????
????:?A??????5?????????????A?????????????5???????????,???,??????????????????????
??:??????????????????B????????????????12??????????????B?????????12??,???A??,??????????????
???????????:????C??9????????????,??????????????????
??,??“???????????,??????????”????,????????????????A?????????10????????,???????????80?????????????????????????A?????70?????????????,?????70???(299792458??/??????????),?????????????“???????A?????????????”??20985472????
???????,??,???????,????????????,?????????,?????
???,?????????????????????30???????????????,??????????????:??????????,????,??,?(??????????????),??????????,??????
????????????,???,????4???????,???????????????????????????????????GPS??“?4???????????????”“?6??????”???,???????4?????
3?????????
?????????4????????,????????????????,???,???????35???????????????????????????????????????????????59????????????????60????????,?2007?????????????????4??????????,?,????60??????????????????????
?????????????????,?????3?????????????
????????????(GEO)??????????35786?????,??????????,?,???????GEO??,?,3?????????GEO????????????????????????????????(2000???2007???),??????????????
????????????????(IGSO)???????????,???????,?????????“8”,????????????????????????,GEO????,?????????????,???????IGSO????????????????????,?????????????
????????????????(MEO)????????????????????2????,???????????????,24???????????????55°?,?3????,???????????,????????
?4??????????????????????????????????3????????28??????????????????????,1??(????????56???)???4??(?????????????????57-60???????????????????????)?????????
?“?”
??,?????????,?????????????????,?0.5?????????????????????????????????????????,??550????,???????????1????????!????????????????,???????,??,???????????,??????,??15????“550?1??????????????”??????????????,?????????????????????,???????????
????????????????????????,?????????,???????????;????(????????????),??,?????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????300????
??????????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????,???????????,????????????????,??????37??,??????????,?47???????????????,?????????????,?“????”,???????????????
???????????????,????????,?,????????????????????,??????????????,??????,???????????????????
????????????,????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????
??????????
?,????????????????????????????????,?????????????“?”,????“???”,????“?????????”“???????”,????????
??????????2008???????????,?????,????,???????????????????????,?????????,??,????????????,??????????????
2023???????????????????11???,????????«??»????10???(ICAO)??,????????????,????,??????????????????????????????
???????????,??????????????????????????????????????“????”,???????????????????,??????????,??????????,??????,?????????
????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????????,???????,????????????,“?????????2035?????,????????????????????”
?59?????????60??,???????“????”??????????,????????????????????,???,??????????(????????????)
?????????????:? ???:????????????????
????