???????:?????????????,????“DNA”?

????:???????100:?????????

???????????10???????????1???????????(??)??????????????10?????????1????,???,??????????????,????????????102?????

9????????27??????????,??????????,????,?,???????????,?????????????,??????????

???9???????????????27???,???????,???????(????????????????????????:???)

???????,?????????,?????????,??????;????????,???????????,????????????????????,??????????

“???????????,???????????????”

??????????1957?????,???????????????????

????,???????,?????????????????

???????????,???????,?????????,???????,?????????

????????????????,??,????,???????????????,?????,???????

1981????????????????,???????????????????????????,?,??????1986?????????????????????

?????????,??????,?????“????”,??????

“1984???,?????,?,?????,??????????????,?:????????????????????????????????,??,????,??????????”??????????????????

????????,??????“??????,????????????,??????,????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????”

??????????????????:?? 

?????????“?????”???????????“??”,????????????????,?“????????????”?????????????“????”?,??????????????:????

“?????????DNA”

?????????????80?90??????????,???????????????,?????????“55???”,???????????????????,“55????????”?????????????,???????

?????????????,????????????,????????????,????????????????????,???

??????

1988???,??????????“??????”,?????????????????????????,??????????????????????

???????????????,??????????,???“??????????”???????????“???????????”?

?????????????????,???“????????????”(??)????????

1993???,“55???”????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????,?????,???????????,????

??????????1997??????????,???“?????????”,??????,???????????:“?????DNA”?

??????????????????“DNA”?????????,??

2007?,??,??????????:“????????????????????‘????????,????????????’,????????”

2009??????????,???,???

?“??????????????????????”,??????????????,????????“???????”??????????????????

?????“?????????????????”???,??????????,????????????????,???????

2012????,????????,??????????,?????????????2018??????????,?????????,???45%????????????????????????“???????????”?????,???,????????????????

?????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??,??????

????????

???????

2013??????5?????????,???????,“??????????????????”????????:“??,??????”

????,???“???????????????????????”????????“??????”,???????????

?:??

???????????2002??????????????????,??????,????????????????????????“?????????????????”?

???,????????????????,??????,??

??????????,?,?,???????????????

????,????????????????“?????”????????,???????????,????????????????????“???”,????,??????????????????????,?????????????“????????????”????,???????

????,??????,?????,????,??????,??,???,?????,????,??????,??,???????????????????????

????:????????????