????75?????(?????????)

????:700?3??????????:????????

?????????????????75????????75?,??????,?????????????????,??????????????,?,???????????????,???????????????????????????

?,??????????,?????????,2023?223?????????????GDP?????????89??????43.6????????????????……????75???????????,“??????????”????????75??????????,?????????“????????????”?,???????????,????????????

???? ?????????????

?7.9%

????

?????????????,?????????????,?????????????,?????????,?????????????????????1952???????679?????????,???????????1978???3679??;????,?,1986????1??????,2000??10??,2006?20?????????,?????????????12?10????,2020???100?????,2023??126??????????,????????,2023????????1952???????223???????,??????7.9%;?????????,19792023??????????8.9%,??3.0%??????????????????

?????GDP????????????8.9????

???????

1952???,????????????GDP?????119???????????,?????????,??GDP????????????????????2019????,??????GDP???????????70078??,??10158????????????,??1?????????;2023???????89358?,?1952????????????????89?,?????6.5%,?12681??,???????????????????3????1.2????????????????,2023?(GNI)?1.34????????????,??????????????????????

???????

???????

??,?????,???????????????????1952?,????????????????????????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????????????????????????,??????,????

???????????????????,??,??????????,??????????,????2023????????????,????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??,????9?????1.3???,???????,??????????,????????????????????????????????????????,????,??????????????“???+”??????????

“??”??22.4?????????

???????

??????????,??,????????,???????,?????????????????????

20132023??,??????????????8.7%?10.3%,????????,????????????????????????5G??,“?????????”?,?????????

???????????2023??,?????????421???????????;???????,??????????????????????

???????????????????,??????????????????????,“?”??2023????????,?????????????“??”???????????????????????22.4?,???GDP??17.73%?

????????????

?????????????

1949?2.2???????,?8.1???,????????????????????75??,??,?????????????,????????????????????????????,??????????????

2023??????????,???15.9????????,??1949?????????????6???????,?4.5?????????????,?2/3??????????;?????544?????,???66????????????,???????18.4???????,????????????;????12.8????,???????????????????74.1%;???????876??????????????,2023????????1.7?,????2016??????????????10???????,???????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????

???????3.92??????????

?????????

1949????49.7??1978????????????????,????????171??,????????151??????????,???????????,??????????,?????,??,???????????2023???????????,?39218???,??????????1949??????76???,??????????6.0%;?26796??????????,???????????????1956?36?????,????5.5%?

?????????,???????,???????????????????????????2023??,????????29.8%,????1978????34.1????;????????????45.2%,??2013?????????5.5???????????????????,??,??2023??????????????????????????????,??49.7????,??????????????145.9???????,????2013?????2.9?????????2.1??????????

????

?

????????????,???????????????????,??

???????????,????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?,???,?????????,?????

2023????????,????????10.66??????,??1989???10.09??;?????????????????2.44??3.02??,??1994????????1.64??????????2.84????????????,????????????,?,??

9899??

??

??????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????20?????????????5070????????????????,?????????????,???????????,?????“???”??????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???????????

????,??????,???????8?,??????2020??9899???????????,832??????,12.8???,??????????,????????????,?10??????«?????????????2030????????????????»??,???????????,??

???60%

?????

?,????????????????,??????????,???

2023???????????,????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????????????????????????????1.6??4542???,?1949?6.4????103????????,?(OECD)???

?????????,?,???2023????,??????????60%,??;?????????1982???8??????????11.05??????,?????

???????

???????????

1950??,???????11.3???,?????1978???206?????????????????,???????????,2001????,??,???????

????,??????????????,??,???????????1978???1%?2023?????12.4%,??7????“?????????”????????????,?150??30?????????230??????????????“????”?????????,??25?????????????????????200??,????“????????????????”?

??????

??

?,???????????,???????????,??????,??????1999?,????????????????????????????????????2012????????????,???,??????????????4.9,???1952??????????8.1?

????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????20132023???????????,?????6.9%?7.1%,???2023?????????????,???????????????????????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,???????2012??????2.9??????0.9????

?46.3??????

???

?,???????,????????1956?????????????“???”???????????,???????,???,?????,????????????

??,???????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,???“?????????”,??????????????????,?11??????????,??????????????????,????????????2023????????????????,???????????????????,?46.3?????????????

?66%

??????????????

???????????????,??????1949???10.64%,1978????????????????????17.92%????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????2023?????????????,??9.3??????????,????????????1978?????7.6?;?????66.16%,?????48.24???????????

?,??,?????,????????????2023????????,???48.3%,???????????2015???8.4?????????????????????????????????,??????????????,?????,??????2012????????????2.88:1?2023?2.39:1?2023?????????????,?????????????12.4:1,??????????2013?????????????1.4?2023?460?,??99%???????????????,?????????14.4????

?????????3246???????????6833???????

??

1949????????,?????????????????,???,?,??????????2023?????????,??????????3246?????????????????????6833??,????1949??????????????59???????325????????;?119?(??????????????????)?

?????????,???,????????????,??????????,?????2022?,??????????????4.46%,?????????2013????0.77??????;???????????2012????888????2023????????1622?????????

??78.6???

????????

????,??????????????????,?????75???????????????????,??,???,??2023?,??????????107??????????,??????????1017???????,?????1249????????

??????????,?,???????,?????????2023??????????,????13.34??????????,????????????????????????2018??95%???????2023??,?????78.6?????,???1949???43.6??????,????????????????????

??????24.02%

????????????

20??50????????,???,?????,???????????????????????,?“??????????????”???2022??,??9014???????,???20??????????????80?25??????????????30??????????;??18%,?????????????

???????????,“?????”???????????????????24.02%?2023?????????,????(PM2.5)??????????2016???????????????????????28.6%,??????????????????21.6????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????“?”??????????????“?”,??(???) ???:????