????:1???????????:?????????

2??????????

3??????????

4?????????

5?????????

??????7??????????????????15???????????(?????????? ???????)???????????,???,??,??????????????????????????????????????,????,???????????

??????????5??,????????????????????????????????2023?????????,????(??????“?????”)???????????5??????????,???????

???????,????1991????????????,2018??????????????????7??????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????,????30??????????????????????,??????????????????

???????????????????,???????550?????,?????????????????????????10.6????????,??????????????????????????,???,??,??????

“??????(??)?,?????,??28??????(1??????????????=0.01????????????)????,????”??,??????,????,?????????????????????

??????(????)??????? ?

????,????????????????????????,????????????,??«??»,?????,??????????????

???????,?,2018???????«?»??????;2021????????????10???????????,???????????,???????????????«??????»,?????????????????????????????????,???????????????«???»«???»?????????????????

BIM(???????????????)?????????????????????,??,????????????BIM?????????,??????????,?????????????????,????????,????,?????

?????,??????????,?????,????,????,????????????????

2020????????,?????????,??????????,????????????????????,???????????BIM??????,??,?????,???,??????“??”??,?????????

????“?????????????????”?????????????????? ???????????????

30????????????“????”?2016????9????,??????“??????????”???????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????“????????????????????????”???“????????????????????”???????

????????,????????????“???????”?,????????“?????????”?,??????????????????????“??????????????????????”????????“???????????,???????????,?????????????,??????????????”???????,?????(??)

???????:??????????????????????