????:1????????????:????

2???????

3??????

4???????

5???????

??/?

???????????????,???????????????????????,??????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????……???????????????,??????????????????

??:???????

??, ????????????????? ???????? ?

??????“??????????????”(????????????),????????????????????????????,??“?????????????????”??????

????,????????2008???????????????????????,????“???????????????”?????120??????????????????????????????

“????”?????????????,??????????????,???????

????,???????“?????????????”,???

????,???11???,???????8.7%,??????3.8?????????????,???????????2?????????????????55.3%?

????,?????????9.2%,????????????????????5.3?????????????????7.1????;???????????????7.9%,????????????????????????????10.4????????8??????????????

????????,???“???”???????,??????????,“???”??????????

???????,?????????????????????,2022??????????????????“?”??????????

??????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,2023???????????????4.53????,??52.85%?

???????,“???”???

????????????????????:?????????????????

“???????????,??4???????????,???????”???????????????????

????????????,????????8???,?????????????????????????5??,????????2400??,????10%?

?????,???????????????????????,???????40???60???

??????????????????1?2????????????,??????5???????????,????449.9????????????????,?????5%???????????,???????????????????????,?,???????????

?????????????,??????????????????????????????????,?????????

????11????????????,????????????12.8%,????????????????11.2%?16.5%,????1.9???6.2?????????,??????????????????????????????????????????37.3%?20.4%?15.9%?

???????????????????????????,????“?????????????????”????

??«????»,“??????????????”“????????????????????????????????????????”????????????????,??????

???????????????????????????:??

????,????????????????????

7?????,???????????,????

10???,?????????????

12?????????,????“????????”;???

??????????,??????,???????????

????,???????????,??????????????????????

????????,??????,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????

??,?,???????????????,??????????????????????????????,????????

11?????,???????????????????????????????????????????(PMI)???0.6?????????1.6???????????????????????????????????????,????

?????????????«??2024???»?????????????,??????13.6??,???19.2%,?????????????????

“???????????,??????????,????????????????????,??????????51.0%,???????????”?????

?????????,?,?????????????????,?????,?????????

????:?????????????????