?????????:????????(R&D)?????

?????????1????????23?? ?????????????????,?????????????????,2024??????,?(R&D)????,?????3.6????????????(R&D)??????,????????????

???????????????????(R&D)?

?????,????????,??????????,????????????????????(R&D)??????????2024???????????????????????????,????(R&D)???????36130????????????,???8.3%,??,???????????

????????????????????????(R&D)?????

???,2024???????????,?(R&D)?(R&D????????????GDP??????????)??2.68%,???0.10???????????????,??????????“??????????”??????,????????????,??????(R&D)???12?????????????????,??????(2.11%),?OECD?????(2.73%)?

????

2024??,???????????????2497???????????,????????10.5%,??????????(R&D)????2.2????;?????(R&D)??????6.91%,??????????????????????0.14?????,???????????????,???????,???,????????????????????????

??????????????,2024???????(R&D)??????,????,????????,????????,????????????,????,?????????,??????????,?????? ??:??????????????