?????75?????(????????)

????:????:????????????

???75???75???????????,????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????,??????????,????????????,????????????????????????

????????,?,??????,2023??223??????GDP?89????????????????43.6????????……?75?,“??”??75?????????,???????“???????????”?????????,???????????????????,??????????????

???????????? ??????

??????????7.9%

????????

??????????,?????????,???????????????????????????????,??????????,?????1952?679???,?1978???3679????;??????,?,1986??????????1??????????????????????????,2000?10???????????,2006?????20?????,????????12????????10????,2020??100????????,2023????126?????????????,?????,2023????1952??????????223????,????????????7.9%;??,19792023??8.9%,???3.0%???????

???GDP?????????8.9?????

???????????

1952??????,????????????GDP???119??????????,??,???????GDP?????????????2019?,?GDP?70078??,?????????10158????????,????????????????1??;2023????89358?????????,??????1952??89?????????,??????????6.5%,???????????12681??????,?3???1.2???????????????,2023?????(GNI)??1.34?????,??

???

???

?????????,??,???????1952???,??????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%??????????,????????????????,???

?,????????????,???????????,???????????????????????????,????????????2023???????,?????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???????,?????9??????????1.3???????????????,?????????,???,????????????????????????????????????????????,???,?“???????+”??????????

“????????????”????????22.4?????????

??

????????????,??????????????????????????????,????????,????,?????????????

20132023?,?????????????????8.7%?10.3%,??????,???????????????????????????????5G??????????????,“?????”?,????????

??????????2023??????????????,????421?????????????????????????;????????,??????

????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????,“????”???2023?????????????????,??????????“???????”??????????????????????????22.4??????????,??????????GDP??????????17.73%?

??????????

????

1949??????????????2.2??????????,?8.1?????????,????75??????????,??,??????????,??????????????????,??????????

2023????,??????????15.9???????????,????????????????????1949????6???,?4.5?????,???2/3??;?????????????544??,????66???,????????18.4????????????,?????;??12.8??,???????????????74.1%;????876????????????????,2023??1.7????????????????,??2016?????????????10??,????????????????,????????????????????????????????????

????????????3.92???

??

1949?????????????49.7?????????????1978?????????,?171??,??????????????151??????????????,??????????,????????????,??????????,??,???2023??????????,??39218????????,?1949?????????76?,??6.0%;??????26796??????????,????1956?????????36????,?????????5.5%?

?,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????2023??????????,????29.8%,???????1978???34.1????????????????;?45.2%,??????????????????????2013??5.5?????,???,?????????????2023????????,???49.7??,??145.9??????????????????????????,???????????2013?????????????????2.9??????2.1???????

??????????????

????

???,?????????????,??????????

?,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?,??????????????,??????????,???

2023?,???10.66??????????,??1989?10.09???;????????????2.44???3.02??????????,????1994??????????1.64??2.84?????????????????????,?,???,??????????

9899?

????????

?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????20???????????????????5070???????,??,?????????,????“???????????????????”???,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????

???????,??,??????????????8?,???2020???????????????9899??????????????????????????????,832????????????,12.8????????,?????????????????????,???????????,?10????????«???????????????????2030?»???,????????,??????

??????60%

??

????????????????,????????????????????????????????,??,?????

2023???????????????????????,????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????????????1.6???4542??????????,??1949?6.4??????????103?,????????????(OECD)???????

??????????,????????????????,???????????2023????????????,?60%,??;????1982???8????11.05??,??????

???????

??

1950?,?11.3??????,????1978??????????????206???????????????????,??????????,2001????????,?,????????????

?,?????????????,??????,????????????1978????????1%????????2023??12.4%,????????7?????“???????”??,???????150??30??????????230????“?”?,??25?????200????,?“?????????”?

???????

?

????????,?????,????????????????????????,?????????,?????1999?,????????????????????????????????????????????????2012???????,????,???4.9,???????????????1952?8.1?

?????????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????20132023??????,???????6.9%?7.1%,???????????????2023???????,??????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,???2012?????2.9?????????????0.9????????????

?46.3????

?????

???,??,????1956????“?????”??,???????????????,??,???,???????

???????,??,???????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????“???????????”,????????????,??????????11??,??,?????????????????2023??,??,????????46.3?????????

????????????66%

??????????????

???????,???????????????1949?10.64%,1978??????17.92%?????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????2023?,?????????????????????9.3?,????????????1978???7.6????;?66.16%,??48.24??????????????????

?,???,???????????,???????????????2023??????????????,???48.3%,????????????2015???8.4????????,???????????,???,?????2012????2.88:1??????2023???2.39:1?2023???,??????12.4:1,??2013?????1.4?2023????????460?,????99%???????????,?????14.4??????????

??????3246???????????????6833????????

??????????????????

1949????????????????,????????,?????????,????,??2023???,?????????????????3246????????6833??,?????????????1949????????59??325??????????;??119???????(?)?

????????,???????????????????,???,???,???2022????????????????,???????????4.46%,??????????2013?0.77??????????????;??????????2012??888?2023????????????1622??????

?????78.6??????????????????

????????????

??,????,??75??????????????????????????????,??,????????,??????????????2023???????????????????,?????????107??????????????????????????????,?1017?,????1249?????

??,?,?,????2023?????????,?????????13.34??,???2018??????????95%??????????2023?????,??78.6????,???????1949?????43.6????,??????????????

?????????????24.02%

???????

20?????????????50????????,?????????,??????????????????????,???,???????????“?????????????”?????2022????????????,?????????9014??????????,??????????20??????????80????????25?30??;?18%,?????????????????????????

???????????????????,“????”????24.02%?2023????,??(PM2.5)????2016?????28.6%,?????21.6???????????,????????????????????????????,???“?”?????“?????????”,???????????????????(?????????????) ?????????:??