??????,????????

2024 ????????????????????????????,?,??????????«??????????????????»(???“?????”)???,????,????????? 3 ????????????,???????????????????,??????? 7.86%,?????

??,2018 ??????????? OECD(????????????????)?????? 3 ????????????? 33.8%???????????????,??,??????????????????“??”?,??????????

??????????,????????????????“??”??????,?????????????????????

???,????2025????????????,???????????????????????“??????????????”???????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????

??,??????????????????????????????????????? 6 ???-3 ??,????????????? 6 ??????????????;???????????????????????;??????????????

???????????2024 ????????? 11 ???,???????????????????????? 20 ???????????????????«?????????»?????,??,???????????????????

??????????????3??

???????,????????3????????????

?,2018?????????????????????,???????3??,????????????????????????????,?2?????????????92.1%???,2????56.5%,1?????????????33.2%?

???????????,????????????“????????????????”,???????????????????????

????,2018?????OECD ?????????????????????????????3???????? 33.8%???,2024??,???????????????3????7.86%?

????????,?,?????????

«2019??????»(??????????“2019??”)?????????????????6??15-49 ??,?????27.6%???????????????? 2016 ??,??? 1/3 ??2024????,??,????3????

?,????

“???????,????”

??????,??Papi????????????,???????1??3???,?????“???????”“??,????????????????”??????

?????2019??????????,???????????????????????????

??,????,???????,????????????,?????????,?????????????

??????,?????????????,????????????2019 ???,??,???????????????

?????,?????2017??????????(??????????????????????????)??????????0-3 ?????????????(???????????“????????????????????”??????)?,?????????????????????????,?????????12%????????

????????????????,???????2019????????????,????????,?????????????????????????????????0-3????,??2.2%???????????????????????

?????????,?,????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????2024???????????????????,2023??,????89.5%,???????????????????????????????????(????????)?????????????1978??????,?????????????????5500??????????,?????????????????,?????????????,2023??????46.7%?

“(???)??????,?,”????????????????,???,?????1??2????????????????,????????

??2024?12????????????,???????????0?????????1??????,??????????????????????????1-2???????1:3,?????????????2-3?????1:4?

????????????????????,??????,???????,?,????????

??,???????????,????2???????????,????????????,???????,??????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????

??????????????

?????????????????????????,??????????????,????????????????

2022????CFPS??,10?????????,?????,????

?????,??????????????2012????????2022?????????????,???3??6%???,????

?,???????????????????,2022?3?58.7%?

??????????,???????????,????????????

???????????:???,????????????

??????????????2019?????????????,??????????????,???????????3???????????????????????????“?”?

???????,??,?????

?????????????,???,??????????????????????,???????????

?20??????50??70????????????????,???,?????????????,1954?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????4003?,2670??????????,??,??????????

?????????????????,1950??????????????????????,?????????,?????????????

?????????,???????????????????????,1960?70%,???????

???????,???????,1963???2975???????????????????????????

???,??,1984?????

“??”????1955??,????????,?????????,????????????????????,?,???????????????????????????????????

??,???????,????,??????,??????????????????75%~85%,?????????????????????90%?

?????????????????,???????????20???90????????????????

?????????? 20??????????????????????????????90??????,????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????

???????????????,????????????????????????,1981??????????????,?????????????????????20????????????????????,????????????????????562????????,??????10.5??????????????????????????????2022?????,????????????30?????????,????????1414????

???????????????21???????????????????????,?????? ??,??????,????????????????

?,??????????,??????

???????????????????2015??,???????????“??”?????,?????????2022?,?? ,??,?????????

???????????,??????“????????”?????,?????“????????????”??????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????,2021??,???????“??????????????”,???????????????300?????????????? ??????100????,??????????????300???

??????????????????????,??????????,??“??”“???????????????????????????”?????????????????????????“??”??????????????,??

?????????????,???????,?,?????????????,?????????????,??????????????,?,????????????

??«?????»?????,????????????????20????????????,??,??????,??,????????“????????????????????”????,????????????????????????????:“?????????????????????????,?????????????”?(??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????) ?????:?????

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