???????????????

?2025?????????,??????????????????????????????????????,??????????90?????

????????????1980????,“???”???2023????????????????1?????????????18?????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????

??,?,???“?????”,??????????????????????

????,????????“????”???????,??????????,????,???????????????????,????

???????????

2023??????????9??????????????????????????????????????25??????????,??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????“???????????????”?????????????????

?????????,????????“?????????????????????”???????,???????????????

????????

“???,????????????????”??

???70??????????,?????

????????????????????1977?????1978??????,?????,??????????,??“???”,????????????????,??????????????

???????????,????????????????,???????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????????,??,?100?;????1991???????,??500?????;?2017????????????????????????????,?????????4700??????????????????

???????????

?,???,????????,??????

???,????????????????????????????,??????????,????????????

????????????????????????????????“?????????????”??,?????????????????????????,????,????,??????

???

“???,?100%?????????3???4??????,?????????????,?????,?????”???40?????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????????????????

????,????????,????????????

???????????????

???????????????1997???,?10?????,???????????????6???????????,???????????????????????????,??,??????????

????,????????,???????????,?,??????????????,???????????????

2004???????????????,?,?????????“????????”???????????????2008????????????????????8??????????????1???????????,??????????350???????????????????

?,????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????

??2024???????????12??????????????29????????9??????????????30??,??????????,?????????????????400?????????CR450???????,“????”“?????????????????”????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????????“CR450????????”???????????????????????

????????????????,???2024??12??????????26????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????,????????????“?????????????????”????????????,?5G????????????????BIM???,????,?,????????,?????????????“?????????????‘???’????????????????????????????,????”

????2017???????????2??25????????????10???????????????33????,G65???,?????,?????????????????????????????6??25???????????????????,???????“????????????”?“?”?,???????????“??”??,??????????????????????????????????????????

??????,??????,???????????????

??,???????????????????????,?“???”??????????????,?????

2024???????1??????????26???????,???C919?????111??????,???????????;2024???????,????????4500??????????????????“????????????????????”,?……

?,???,????,2013???2023????,????????????????8.1%??,?10.1%,?????7.3%,??????????????????4.3%,???????????????3.2%,?,???1000?????????,?????

???,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????“1+1>2”??????????,??????????

???????????????????????,2024??«????????»,???,?,??,??

???

2021???????????10???????????????14??,????,????,??????????????????????????????????

???????????????,?????,??????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????

“???????,????????,?,???????,????????????????????,???????????????????????????”??

?,?????

1????14????,???????,??????????????????,?????????????“?”,?,????????,??

“??????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”???????,???????????????????,????“???????”????,????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????,?????

?,?????

??????????,????????????????11?????????,????????????????,???????????,???,????????,???,??,????

?????????:?????????????????????????????????????A3??,????????????30??????????15??????;?,?????,????????????????????????????????;????????????,????????????????,??;??????????????,??????????????“???????”????????,????

???????????????????????????????,??????????

??,??????????????,??????,???????????,??

??,???,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,?“????”,?????

???,??,???????????????????????????????“e???????”????????,???????????????

?????,?,??“???????,?????????????10????????????????,??????????”??????????????30?“??”??????????????????

??,???12306?????????????????????????????,???

1996???????????????????,??????????????????,?????????2019??6?????18????????,???????????????,???????????????????,???????????????

???????,????????????????????,??????????,????,??……?????????,????????????????????????,2024????????,??????????12306????????????2000????,???60?????

????????????????12306???28?,??????????????“?,????????????12306??????????????1????1000????????????????????,???‘????????????????’?”?????

????,??12306????????????7??????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,????

????12306????????????????,?????????????????,?,????????????,????????,??????,????????????

????????

2025????????????1??????????????????14????,?????????????2??????22??,??????????40????????????????????,????????90??????,???7%,????

???????????????????,????????

“?????????????,???????……”2025?,???????????????43?????????,??????????????,???,?“??”????“??????”??????????????,??????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???,“??????????”?

????

????????

???,??,???????????????????

??????????,????????????????????????????,????,???????????????,???????,??????4?????2023??????????“???????????”“????????????????????”,2024???“???????”“??????????”?????????????4?????????????????????????????????,2024?????????????????10???????1????,??????????????2144.8?????????????????,????

????????,??????????????????,???,????????????????????,1981????????1?;1984??,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????5??;2014?????????????36??,????????????????,???,??2015????????????????2019?????????,?????????29??????????30????????????;2020?????????2023??????????,????????????????,??????????????;2024????????,?????????84.2???,??????????,???????????????????????????17???????,?????

????????????

?????,?????????

????????????,?,???????2024??????????????????????????????,?????????15.5??

??,2025???????????,???????90?????,??????,????72??,????,???????????????

???,??????????2023???????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????“???”????????,??;2024??????,??????????????,????

???

??????????,???????,????????????????????????????2025?,?????????????,?????????

?????????????,????????,?????????????,??,??,???“????????”???2015??????,????2024???,?????3140??????????????,?8.9%?

??,?????????????????????????,????????120???????,?????????????????????600??800??????????????,????????????????,??????????????

?????????????,???,?,?,???

???????,??????,2024???7??????????20.03?????????????,????????2.86??;???????????????2024????8???????,??????22.93?????????,?????2.87???,???????????????2024????????????????10???1?????3.31?????????,????????????2024??2?????????15?????(??????????????)?????????3.15?????????????,?????????????????6???????????3????????????????,???????????5??3?????????

???????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????2015??????????????,??10???????3000??????????????2024?,????????4.53???????,?96?????????????,??????????,??????,???

?

“??,??????????????,????????????,??”????????????????????????

????????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????

???,???????,??????????,?????????????????????,?,???????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????????,????????,????????????????,????????????,??,????????????????????????????,???????

????????????,?????????????????

???

???????????,????????????????,????????,????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????,????????????????

??????????????????????,??,???“????????”?????????16.2????????????,?????????????????4.8?????,????;????,1988???????,???????,????????,?????????????????19???????,??????????;????????,1993????????????????????,?????????????,??,????;???????????,????????????????6.7??;????“6??????????7????????????8???????????????????????”?????????????????????????26?,????????????????90%?

2024????,????????????600????,??????,?????????????????????????,????????,?????????????????????5.1????????????????9000???????,????

????

??????????????????,??,?????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????

“??????????????????????????,??????????,????????,???????,???,???????????????”????????????????

??????????????????????,???????90????,????????????????????????,????,???????????????????????????,????,?????

????????????,??????????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????

?????????????,?????????,?????

?????????

2020???1???????????????16??????????????,?????????6065????????,???????????????????7???????????,???????????????5???????????,???????????,?????“?????????????????,???????????,?????????????”?????????????,??

??????????????,??,????????????????????,??????????????????,????????????????????????,???

????????????????,????,?1992?,???????21?????2010????????,????172??2011????????????,????164?????????????????????,????????,2016??147????

??

“??,?????????”,?????????????,?????,??????????,???????

“???”???????????????????????,??????????????,??,????????????????:??????????,??????????????????????????

?????????????????,????????????“???????????????”“?????????????????”???????????,????????????,????????????????????????

???????,???????????????????,???????????

????????

2024??????????????????,????????????,????,???????????????????????,???,???,????????

?????????????????,?,????????????????????,????????????1978??????171?????????2012???????????16510?????,???2024??????41314?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????????????????……????????,????????????

???????????,???????????????????????

????21?????????????????????81??“?????????????”,??????,???????2?????????????????,??????????????????????????;

???????????????????????????????????????????????,?,???????;

??????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????,??????……

?????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????,???????????????????????????,??????,?????????? (?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????????) ????????????????:?????