????:1?????598????:????????????

2???????

3??????????????

4????????????

5???????

??11???23?? ?:???“??????????”?????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??? ???? ???????????????????? ?????

“??”?????11??????18?????????????????????20????????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???“??”????????????,??????????,“??”??,?,????????????????,?????????????“?????????????”,??,????????????????????

?:

??:??????

?????????????????:20???????70????????????????????,???????????????,???????????,??????????????,????????????,?????,????????????“????”?

??????(Thomas Berry),?“??”??“?”??????????????????,??????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)????????,????(Carlton Hayes)?????????????????????

2024????11?????20?,“??”??????????????????????????????(???)????????? ??? ???????????

????:?????“?????”?????????????????????????,????

???????:????????“?????????????”“??”“?????”??????????????????????,“??”?????????????????????????????????????,???“?,????;????,????”,??“???”?????

“??”??,??“????”,?“????????????”????????,???????????????,?,?????????????,????“???????????”???????“???????????????”?????????“?”????????????????,???????,???????????“?”??

???,??,????????????????????????? ?? ??

??????????:????“?”“????”“??????”??,?????

????????:??,?????????????????“????????????”,?“???”,?????????????“???????????”?????“???????”???

?????????????????,?????,??????????????,??????,???“??”??????????,??,????,??????????

??????:????????????

???????????????????????:??????????,?,????????????????????????????????????……????,????“???????”?????????????????

70???????«??»???????????,?,?“????????”????«?»,???????????????????,???????????????????????????,??,????????????,???????????????,???????????,???????????

???:??????

??????????????:?????????,????????,???????????????????,???????????????????,?????????????,??,???????????????????????????????????????,???,??????????,??????????????????????

???????,??????????????,??????????????????????????“????”????,????????????????“??????”??,????????????????????????????????????????,???,????????????????????????????

2016?????????,????????????,????????????????????????112??????? ??????????????? ?

????????????????????,????,??????????????????“??”??????,?????,????,????????,???????????“?????????”,??????????(?????)

???????????:

????????????????????????????????? ??? ???

?????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),???????,????????????????????????1997?????????????,?????«?????????????»«????????????????»??????????«?»?

???????:???????