????????????????:??“??”??????

????:????????:????

?????11?23?? ??:????????????????“??”??????

?????????????????????

???????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????

“??????????????????”??11???18?????20????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?“?????”?????,???,“?????????”?????,???????????,?,????????????????“???”,????,??????

??:

????????????????:????

??????????????????:20????70?????????????????,?????????,??,???????????????????????,?????????????????????,???,????????????“?????????????????”?

?????????????????(Thomas Berry),????????“?????”??????????“??”????????,??????????????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??????,????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????????????????

2024?11?????20??????????,“???????????????”???????????????????????????????????????(???????????????)?????????? ?? ??

??????????:???????“?????”??????,??

?????????????:???????????“????????”“??????????????????????????”“????????????”???,“????????????????????”?????????????????????,???????????“???????????,??;??,??????????”,??????????????“??”??????????????????

“??”????????,???“???”,?????“??????”??????????,?,???,????????,??“????”???????????????????“???????????”??????“??”??,?????????,???????????“?”??????????????????????

??????????,?????????????,??????????????? ???????????????????????? ????

???:??“?????”“????????”“?????????”??????????????????,????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????:?????,??????????????????“?”,????????????????“???????????????????”,?????“?”?“??”???

??,??,?????,?????????????,??????“???”????,????????,?????????????,??

????:???????

????????:????,?,??????????????????????……??,????“??”??????

70?«??????????»???????,???????????????,??????????????“?”??????????«??????????»,???????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????????????,????????,?????????????????????,?????

??:?????

???????????????:??????????,?,??????,?,???????,?????????????,???????????,???,??,?????????????????????

????????????????,??,??????????????????“??”???,?????????????????????“???????????????”?????,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????

2016?????????????,??????????????,????????????????112????????????? ?? ???????

??????,???????,??“??”????????????????????????????????????????????,????,?,????????????????,??“???”,???(????)

???????:

???????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????

??????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),??,????????????????????1997?????,???????????????????????«???»«???????»???????«???»?

????????????????:????