????:1???????????:??????????

2???????

3????????

4?????

5???????????

?????????????????1???????????????23?????????? ????????,????,2024???????????,???(R&D)??????????,??????3.6???????????????(R&D)????,?????????????

??????????????????(R&D)???

???????????,?????????????????,????????????????????,????????(R&D)????2024????,?????????????????(R&D)??36130?,??????????8.3%,??????,???????????

???????(R&D)?????

?,2024??????????????,???(R&D)??????????(R&D????????GDP????????????)????2.68%,?0.10?????,???????????????????????????“???????????”??,????????????,??????????(R&D)?12??????????,??(2.11%),????????OECD??????????(2.73%)?

???????????????????

2024?,????2497??,?????10.5%,????????????(R&D)????2.2?;??????????????????????(R&D)??6.91%,?????????0.14?????,?????????????,?????????????,????,?????????????????????????????

?????,2024??????????????(R&D)???,???,?????????,???????????,???????,??????,??????,??????,?? ??????:????????????????