??,?????“?”??

??????:???????????

????????2025.2.17?????????????1175????????«??»?????

??,??????????????

???????????????1???????????????????,????????????????????

??2022???????????4?????????4????????,?????????????,????????,???S????????????????????????????,???,???????,???

??????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????,???????,???????????????????????????,???,??????

3?,?????????,???????????????????????????????????,????????????????,???????????,?????,??????????????,????,??,???????????????????????,??????3.7???

“???????????,??????????”????????????????«??»???????????????????,???????????,??

????????

??????????????????????,??“??”?????????????

?????1???????????3???????,???????,???????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????,???,?????,???????????????????,???????????????,???

??????????,??????????,??????????,??????????“?????????”????????“???‘?????’?????,?,????????????,??????”??????(??????)???«??»??????

2022???????????????????,????????,?????????????????“???????”?????????“?????”?????????,??,?????????,?????

??????????,??????????,??????????????????????,??????????????? “??????????”“??????????”?????,??????

“?????????”?????,???????????,????????,????“???”????????,??????,???????“???????”,????????????,??,?????????????

??????????12???????????,???,??????????????????,??????????,????????????,????????????,??????7????????,????1012??????????,?????????????????????????

????,??????,??????????????????????,???????,???????????,??????????????????????,?????,????????

“?????????????,???????????????????,??,?????”??????«????????»,?????2013????,???????,????,????????????,?????????

??,???????????,??,?????????????????????,????????????????????,????????????,??????,?????,???????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,???,?????????,????,???????????,?????,??????????????????????,???,????????????,???????????

??,?,?????????????“???,?????????,????????????”???????,???????,?????????????????????????,???

??????????,?????????,?????,????????????????,????

?,?????????,???????????????????,????????????,???????????,????,????????????????,???

?????????1??????????????????,??????????15???,???????????????“?????????????????”??????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????,?????????????,??????,???????????????????“????????”????????,??“??????”?“?????,????????,?????????????????????????”????«???????????????????»?

?????

??????,??????“??????????????”?

“???????????,???,???????”??,??????1996????????????,?????????,?????

????????,?????,????????????????????2001??????????,?,???????????????????????????????2013?????????,????,???,???????,????,??3?????????

“??”?????????,21??????????????????,??,??????????????????,2015????????????,???????????????3???????,??????????????“??????????”????????????????????????

?????????????43?,?????????????????6.1%???,???????2025????????,???????,????????3???

“??,?????????”?????????????2023?????,?,?????,????,?????????????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????

???,?????????«????(???)??»,???????“?????????????”??????,????????,???“????,5?,4???????????,1??????”????????????

?????????,???????????“??????”????????????,????,?????????????????????????

??????????????????????,???????????????,?????????,????????????,?????

“????,?????????????”??????????????????2012??????????,??????,?????????????,????,?????????

???????????????????“??????”?“????????????‘????????????’,?,????????,???????????”???????,?,?????????????,“????????????????”???????????,??????????????????,??????????,?????????????,????????????????

?????????????2022??????????????????????????????,???????,?????????,?????????,????????????,????????,?????????????,??,????????,?????“????????”??

“???????”???,??,??????,???????,?????????,??????????????,???????????????,????1????????

????,????????????,??????,??????????,?????

???????????,??????10???????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??2/3??????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????

“??????????”???????????????,????,?,????“????????????????????”????????????????,????????????,???????????“????????????”??????????????????,????????????????

????

?????????????????,????????????1??,???????,“??”?????????????????

???????,??????7????????????,?????????????????“???????????????”???????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????“?????????????????”,??????????,??????????????????

?????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????????????“????????”??????????????,???????????????,????????,???????,????????,????????????“???????????????????????”,????????????“?????????”?????????????,“????,????????????”?

?????????????,???,?????????,??????:????????????????

????????????????12??????????,??,????????????“??????,????????????????,????????1/6?”??????

?????,?,???????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????,????????????,????,????????,??????,????????????,???????,????9????????,????????

“?????????????,????,???????????????,?????????”??

?????????????????????,??????????200?,??300400????????????????????????????????,????????,????????????,?????????????100%,???????????????????????????1???????????1????????????,?????

?????????????????,????,“??????”??????,??????,?????????,????????????,?????????????

“????????????????????????10%???,?????,??????????????????????????????????????”??????????????????,?????

?????????,?????????????????????????,???,?????,??,??????????????????????????,?????????????,“????????,????????????????”?

“????????????????,?????”????????????????????????????????????????,????????????1/10?“???????????,?????????”

?????????????«??»,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????????,??????,????????????????????????6???????????

????????????????????,???????????????????????,????????????????????????,???????????????????,????????“????????”,?????????????,????????????????????

“?????,???”??????????,???????,????“???????”,????“??”?

?????

?????,???

2003?,?????????????????????,??????????,????????????????????60?????????????????,??????40???????????????????,???????????????,??,????????,??????????????,??????????,?????

20??????????50???????????,?????????,??????,??????????????????,???????????????????,???????????,??21????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????,??,?????????,??,???

???????????14??????,????????,????????2008???????,????,??????????????????????,??,????????????????,???????????,“??”????????????,????,??????????

“?????,?????????????????????????????”???????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????,???????????????,?????

“?,?????????”????????“????????”,???????“???????”,?????????????????,??????,????????,??

??????2013?????????,?,??????????????????????,?,?,????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????

“????,??????????????????”?????????,???????(SBINZ)?,???????????????,??,?1??????,??1?????????????????????,????????????,?????,??????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????

“????”??????????????,????????????????????????(USSA)???????(SIA)???(NSAA)??????????(PSIA-AASI)?????(NSP)??????6?????????“????????,?????????????????”

“??????????????????????????????????”???????,????????,?????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????

“?????????,???????????????????,????????,???,???????????”?«???»?

(?????)

«?????????»2025????????5???????

????????:?????«????»???????????? ???????:????????????