????:1??????????:??????

2?????

3????????

4?????????

5???????

????????????????10??????????14?????(????)2024????“???????”??????????????????????????????10????14????????????,2024??????????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson?????????James A. Robinson????????????????

“????”??

?????“????????????????”????????,????“?????????????????”,????????“?????”?????

????????1968??????,??????????????????????,?????????,????

??????????“????????????????”,?????????????????????,????67???2007???????????????????????(Leonid Hurwicz),???????????,????????90??????????????????????????2019??????(Esther Duflo),?????46????????

???????,??????????????????,??????????????????????????????2009?????????(Elinor Ostrom)?

??????????????:?????

???“???????????”?

?????????????????????1969??????????????2024??,???56?????,??90???????????????????????????,???????????

“??????????,???,??????”????????????????

1994?????“???”????????????????«??????»??????????????????????2015????,??????????

2002???????????????,??“??,?????????????”????????????

?:2018????????????????????

2018???????,??????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)?????(Paul M. Romer),???????????????????????????:“???”?“???????????”?

???,?,????????????????,???????????????????

???

?????????????????,???????????????????????????,????????????????“??????????????????????????????”,“??????????????????”?

2017??????????????????(Richard Thaler)???????????“??????”?,?????????????????????????,??,????,??????????,?????????

???,?????????????

?,?7??????????,????500?5???????????????,??

?????????????:2019????????????,???????????????

2019??????,?????????????,?????????????,?,?????????????,???

“2019?????????????????,????,?????????????”???(???????????)

?????????:??