????:1???????:??????

2?????

3???????????

4??????V

5???????qq?

????11???????????23??? ????:????????????????????“??????”????????????????????????

???????????????????

????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??

“???????????????”?11???????????????18????20?????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)??????????“?????????????????”?????????,?????????,“?????????”??,???????????????,??????????,???????“??????????”,???,???????

??????:

?:????????????????????

????????????????:20??70?,????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,????????????????????,??,???“???”?

????????????????????????(Thomas Berry),?????????????“??”?????????????“?????????”????????,??????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,??????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)??????

2024?11????20????????????,“?”??????????????????????????????????(????????????)????????? ????? ??????????????

????????????????:???????“???????”????????????????????????,?????????

?????????????????????????????????????????:????“???”“?????????????”“?????”?????,“????”?????????????????????,????“???????????,???????????;?,???????????”,??“?????”?????

“?????”?,??????“??”,???“??????”???,?,??????????,?????????????????????????????????,?????????“??????????”???????“?????????????????”?“??”???????????,?????????,????????“????”???????????

??????????????????,????,?????? ??? ??????????????????

??????????:???“???????????????”“????”“???”?,?????????

?????????????:?,?????????????????????????“?????????”,???“???”,??????????“??”??“???”????????????????

?????????????????????,??,???????????????????,?????????????,?????“??”?,??,????????,?????

?:??????

???????????????????????????:??????????,????????????????,??????????????????????????????????……???,?????“????”??????

70???????????«??»??,??,???????“??????????”?????«??»,??????,??????????????????????,????,??????????????????,??,?????????????????,???

??????:???????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????:????????????????,???,???????,???????,????????????????????????????,??????????,???,????????????,???????????????,???

?????,?????,??????????????????????????????“???”?????????,????“????????”???,?????????????????????,????????,??????????????

2016?????,????????,?????????112???????? ??????????????? ?????

????????????????,???????,?“????????”????????????,?,?,?????????????????,???????“??”,???(????????????????????)

??:

????????????????????? ??????? ??

???????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),?,?????????1997?,??????????????«?»«??»??«?»?

????????:?????