????:1???????:??????????

2???????

3??????95?

4?????????

5?????????

??,??

2024 ????????????,???????????????,????????????«??????????????»(??????????“?????”)???????,???????,???? 3 ????????????,??,????????? 7.86%,??

??,2018 ?????????????? OECD(???????????????????)? 3 ???????????????????????????? 33.8%???????,??,???????“?”???????????,???????????

??,????????????“??????”??????,????????????????????????

??????????,??2025??????,?????????????????“?????”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????

???,????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ?-3 ?????????????????,???????????? 6 ????????????;??????????????????????????????????;?????????????????

??????2024 ?? 11 ???????????????????,???????????????????????? 20 ?????????????«??????????»??????????????????,??,???

???3?

??,??????????????????3?????

?,2018?????????,???????3???????,??????????????????,???????????2????????92.1%????????????????????????????,2??????????56.5%,1?????????????????33.2%?

?????,??????????“????”,????????????????????

??,2018?OECD ??????3?? 33.8%?????????,2024?????????????????,?????????????3????????7.86%?

?????,??,???????

«2019??»(?????????????“2019?”)?????????6?????15-49 ??,??????27.6%??????????? 2016 ????,?????? 1/3 ???????????????????????2024???????????,??????????????????,??????3????

??????,?????

“????????????,???????????”

??????,???????????????Papi??????????????,??????????1??3?????????,????“??”“?????,?????”?????????????????

??????????????????2019??,??????????????????????

??????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????,?????????????,?????,??????????????

?????????,?????????????????,????2019 ????????????????,??,??

???,??????????2017?????????????????(?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????)???????0-3 ??(???“????????????”????????????????)?????????,???????,??????????12%???

???????????,?????2019?,???,?????????????0-3??????,?2.2%?????????

???????,??,???????????????????????????,????????,?????????????

???????????2024???????????,2023?,???????89.5%,????(????)???????????????????????1978?????????????????????????,????5500????????????,???????????,????????,2023??46.7%?

“(?)???,??????,”?????????????????????,??,???1?2??,???

???????2024????12??????????????????????,????0??????????1?????????????????????????,????1-2?1:3,????????2-3??1:4?

?????????????????????????????????,??????,??????????????,?????????,???????

??????????,????????????????????????,????????????????????????2?????????????????,?????,?????????????,??,?????????,???????????????

????????????????

???,??????????,??????

2022????CFPS???????????,10????????,???????,??????????????

??????????????,?2012?????????????????2022??,??3???????????6%???,??????????????

???,????????,2022??3?????58.7%?

???,???????,??????????????

???????????:??,?????????????

??2019?????????,??,??????????????3????????????“?”?

???????????????????,?????,?????

??,???????????????????,????????????????????????,????????

???????20?????????????????????50?????70????,???,??????????????????????,1954???,??????????????????????4003?,2670???????????,?,??

???????????,1950?????????????????????????????????,????????????,??????????

???,??????,1960??????????70%,????????????????

?????,????????????????????????????,1963????2975?????????????????????

?????????????????,???????,1984???

“?????????????????????????????????”??????1955????????,?????????????,?????,??????????????????,??????,??????????????????????????

????????????????,????????????,??????,?????????????,?????????75%~85%,?????90%?

???????,??20?????????90?????????????????????

??????????????? 20???90?????,?????,????????????????????????????????????????,??????

?????????????????????????,??,1981??,???????????????20????????????,??562??????,??????10.5??????????????????????????????????2022?????????????????,????????30??,?????????????1414????

????????21??????????????,??? ?????,???????????????????,????????????????????????

?????????????????????????,????????????,????????

??2015??,??????????????“?????????????”??,????????????2022??????????,? ,???????????????,?????????????????

?????????????????????,?????????“???”??????????,??????????????“?????????????”???????????????,????????????,2021??,????????“????????????????????”,??????300??? ???100??????????????????????,??300????????

?????????,??,????“?????????????????????”“???”???????????????????????????“?????????????”??????,????

????,????????,??????,????,???????????????????,??????????????,??,????????

????????????????«????»??,???20????????????????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????,???????,????????????????“????????????????????????????????????????”?????,???????????:“????,????????”?(????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ???????????) ????????:?????????