???????????3????????

??

??,??????

2024 ????????????,???,?????«??»(??“????????????????”)?????????????????????????,??????????,???????????? 3 ?,?????,?????? 7.86%,?????????????

?????????????,2018 ?? OECD(???)????? 3 ?? 33.8%???,???????,?????“?????????????????????????????????”???,?????????????????

?????????????,????????“??”??????????????????,????????????????????????????????

??,?????2025????,???????????????“????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????

??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 6 ??-3 ???????????,????????????? 6 ???;????????????????;?????????????????

???????????????2024 ? 11 ????,????? 20 ????????????????????«??»?????????????????????,???????????????,??????????

??????3????????????????????????????

??,??????3???

?,2018????,??????3???,???????????????????????????,?2?????92.1%???,2??????????56.5%,1????33.2%?

????????????,??????“??????????????????”,??????????????????

??????,2018?????????????OECD ????????????3???????????????????????? 33.8%??,2024????????,??????????????3???7.86%?

?????????,?,??????????????

«2019??»(???“2019??”)?6???????????15-49 ?????,??????????27.6%?????????????????????????????????????? 2016 ??????,???????????????? 1/3 ????????????????????????2024??,????????,??3?????

?????????,???????

“???????????,???????????????”

???????,???Papi???,?1????3?????,????????????“?????????????”“???????????????????,?????”??????????????????

??????2019????????,??????????????????????????

??,??,?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????,?????????????????????

??????????????,????????????????,???????????????????????2019 ??,??????????,??????????????????

???,????2017????(?????????????????????????????????????)?0-3 ?????????????(?????????????“???????????”??)????????,?????????,???????????????12%??????????

??????????,???????????????????????????????????2019?,???,?0-3?????,???????2.2%????????????

????,???????,????????????,????????,?????????????????????

?????2024?????????????????,2023????,???????????89.5%,???(??)????1978?????????????????,?5500????????????????,??????,???,2023?46.7%?

“(???????????)??????,????,”??,????,?????????1?2?????????????????,????????

??2024?12???????????,??????????????0???????1??????????????????????????,????1-2??????????????1:3,?????????????????????2-3????????1:4?

???????????????????????,???????,???????,??????????,??

?,?????????????,???????????????????????????2?????????,???????????,??????????,???,?????????????,???????????????????

??????

??????????,??,??

2022????????????????????????CFPS?????????????????,10????????????,?????????,?????????????????

??????????????????????????????,??2012???2022??,???????3???????6%???????,?????

????????????,?????????????,2022??3??????58.7%?

?????????,?????????,????????????

???:????????,??????????

??????????????2019??????????????,???,????????????????????3?????????????????“?????????????”?

??,?,?????????

?????,??????????,??????,???????????

??20??????????50???70????,???,????????????????????????????????????,1954????????????,??????????????????????????4003??????????????,2670????,????????,????????

?????,1950???,???,????

?????????????????????,????,1960???????????70%,??????

???,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,1963??2975???????????

?????????????????,?????????,1984??????????????????

“??”?????????1955?????????????????????????,??,??????????????????????????,???????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????,??,??????????,??,??75%~85%,??90%?

????,???????????????20??90?????????????

????? 20??????????????90?????,????????????????????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????

????,???????,1981??,??20???????????,????????????????562????????????????,???????10.5?????????????2022??,????????30??????,?1414????????

?21???????,??? ???????????,?????????????,????????

???????????,??,???????

??2015?????????????????,???????????????“?????????????”???????????????????,???????????2022???????,?????????????????????? ,??????,??????

?,??????????“??????????”?????????,????????????“???????????????????”??????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,2021?????????????,????????????“??”,????????300??? ?100???????????????????,???300????

?????????,?,??????“??????”“?”?????????????????“??”??,??????

????????????????,???????,??,???????????,??????????????,????,?????????,??????

??????«??????»??,???20????????????????????????,????,?,??????????????,??????????????????????????“??????????????”??,???????????????:“????,????”?(??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????) ??????????????????????????:???????????

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????????????????3?????????????

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