????:1???????:????

2???????????

3?????????

4???????100???????

5????????

???????????11??23????? ?????:?????“????”???????

??????????????????????????????????????????

???? ??????????? ??????????????? ??

“???????”?????????11?18?????20?????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?????????“?”???????,??,“??”??????,??,???????,???“??????????”,??,???

?:

?????????????????:??????

???????????????????????:20??????????70??????,????,????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????????,?????,????????“?????”?

?????(Thomas Berry),?“??”???“??????”?????????,???????(William Theodore de Bary)???????????,?????????????????(Carlton Hayes)???????????????????

2024???????????????11????????????????????20?????????,“???????”???????????????????(??????????)??????? ??????????????? ??????????????????

????????????????:?????????????“???”?????,?????????????????????????????

????????????????:???“???”“?”“??”???????????????,“??????”???????????????,???????????“??,??;??????????,??”,????????????????????????“??”??

“???????????????”??,????????????“?????????”,???????????????????“?????????”????,??,???????????????,?????????????????,????“?????????????????”??????“???????????”?“???????”???,????,????????“???????”??????

????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????? ????????? ????????

??????????:?????“???????”“??????????”“??”????????????????,?????

??????????????????????????????????????:????????????????,?????????????????????????“???”,???“????”,????“??”??“????????”??????????

?,?????????????,?????????????,?????,????????“?????????”??????????????,???,???????????,??????????

?????:????

?????????????????:????,??????,?????????????????????????????……???,?????“??????????”??????

70?«??????»??????????,???????,????????????????????“?????”?«??»,????????????????????,????,?????,??????????,??,?????????,??

??????????:????????????????

??????????????:???,????????,??????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????,???????????,????????????,????,????,???

??????????,???,???????????“????”????????????????,???“??”??????????,??????????????????????????????????????,?,???????????????????????????

2016????,???????????????????,?????112???????????????? ? ??????

???????????????????????,??,?????????????“??”?????????????????????????????,??????,?,?????????,?????????????????“????”,???(????)

????:

?????????? ??????? ???

??????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),??,????????????????????????????????1997?,???????????????????????«?????»«????»??«?????????????»?

??????:????