?????????????????:??“?????”??

????:???????????:???????

??11????????????23?????? ????????:?“?”?????????

??????????????????????????

? ?? ????????????? ??

“????”???????????11???????????????18??20?????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???????????????“??”??????????????????,??,“?????”?????,?????????????,??????,?????????????????????“????????????”,??,??

??????????:

????????????????????:???????

????????????????:20??70??????????????,???,??????????,????????????,???????????????????,????,????“???”?

????????????????????????(Thomas Berry),???“???”???????????“?????????”??????,????????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,???????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)??????????????????

2024?????11????????????????????????????20???????????????,“??????????”?????????????????????????????????????????(?????????)???????????? ? ??????????

????:???“??”??????,???

???????????????????????:??????????“???”“????????????????”“???”?????????????,“?”?????????????????????????????????????????????,????“?????,???;??????????,???”,??“?”????????????????????

“?????”?????,??????????????????“??????????????????????????”,??“?????????”?????????,???????,???????????,??????????????,??“???????????”???????????????“???????”??“??????”???????????,????????????????????????,????????????????“???????????????”??????????????????

???????????,??,?????????????? ? ?????????????????????

??:?????“????????”“???”“????????????????”?????????????,???????????????

????????????????????:?????????,?????“???”,?“??”,????????“??”?????“????????”??????

????,?????????????,????????????????????,?,????????“????”?????????????,??,?????????,????

???:????????????

?????????????????:???????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????????????……???,????????????????????“????”????

70????????????«?????»??????????????,???????,????“??????????????????”??????????«??»,?????????????,??????????????????????,???,????,???????????,???????????????,????????

?????:??????????????????

????????????????????:??????,???????,????????,?,???????,?,?????????????,????,?????,???????????

??,???,????????“??”??,???“?????”?,??????????????????????????????????,??,????????????????

2016??,??????????,???112???????? ?? ????????

?????????????,??????????,???????????????????“?”??????,??,????,????????????????????????????,???“?”,???(?)

?????????????:

????????????????????????????? ??????? ????

????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),????,?????????1997???,???????????????????????????«???????»«?»???????????«????»?

????????????????:??