????:1?????????:????

2???????

3??????????

4?????????

5?????????

????????????????11???????????28? ??:???????????,??????????????????????????“???????????????????”????????????????“??????”??

??????????????????????????????(John Grim)

?????????? ???

“???????????”?????,?????(John Grim)?????“???”???????????????,?????????“???”???“????”????????,????????,??????????“??”??????????????,???????????????????????

????????:??????????????????????:“????????????????????”???????:?

?????:

?:?????????????????????

?????????:???,??????????????,???????????????????????,???,????????????????,????????

????,???“????????”??“?????”???????????????,???????????????,?,???????“?????????????”,??,??????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,??,??????????

10??11?,?????(2024)?????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????? ?? ????????  

????“?????”????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????,?????????????;?????????????????,???,???????????????????,??

????????????:???????,???“???”“?”“??”??????????????????,??????????“??”??????????????????

?????????????????:??????????????????“???”“??????????”“???????????”???????????,????,?????????“???????????”?“????????”??,??????????,???????????????????????????????????????????“??????”??????“?????”(Cosmovisions)?????????????????????

????“????”(Lifeway)???????????????,??????????????????“??”????,?????????????????????????????……?,???????,????????????,?????,????

“????????”????“??”????????,?“????”????????????????????,???????????????……?“???”??????????????????,??????

?????,????“?”,????????????,??,?????????,?????“?????”,???“??????”?????????????,?,??,????????????????????????????,????“????”“????”,??????????????????????????????????,??????

(??)????????? ????? ?  

??????:??????????????????

???????:????????????,???????,???????,??????????????,?,????????????????????????????,??????????

2024??11?????????????18??20???????????????????,“???????”?????????????????????????????  

????:??,?????????????????????“?”??“???????????”?

??????:????????????????????????????????,?????????,????????????????????????????,?????(environmental ethics)???,???????????????????????“?????????”???????????????????,??,???(??)

??????:

????•??????????????????(John Grim)????“??”??????? ??? ??????

???(John Grim),???????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????(Thomas Berry)???????,?40????????????«??????????????????:?????????????????»(The Shaman: Pattern of Religions Healing Among the Ojibway Indians),???????????«????:????????????????????»(Living Earth Community: Multiple Ways of Being and Knowing)??????????????

????:??????????????