?????1?23????????????????? ?????????????????,?????????,2024??????,??(R&D)??????,????????????3.6??????(R&D)??????,??
?????????????????(R&D)???????????
??,??????????,???,???(R&D)???????????2024??????,??????(R&D)???36130???,???????8.3%,??????????,???????????
?????????????(R&D)???????
???????????????????????????,2024??????????,?(R&D)???(R&D??????????GDP???????)?2.68%,??????????????0.10??????????????,???????????????“?????”?,??????????????????????????,????(R&D)???12???,??????????????????????(2.11%),?????OECD????(2.73%)?
???????????
2024?,??2497?????????,?????????????10.5%,?????(R&D)???????????????2.2?;????????(R&D)????????6.91%,????????0.14???????????,????????????,??,????????????,???????????????????????????
???,2024?(R&D)???????????,?????????????????,??????????????,??????????,??,????????????????????,????????????,?????,??? ?????????:???????????
????????????????????
?????????????????????????
????????????????????????
??:????PK?????????85???
???????????????????
??????!???????????????
2017??????????????????6.6%…
????12?????????????????
?????????????????????
???????????????????????
??:??????????????????
??????6???46??:????????????…
????????????????????
????12????????????????4500…
???:?????????????????
?????????????????????
????????????“????”???
????23?????????????
????:???????????????
?????????????????????
??:????PK?????????85???
????????????????????
??3???????????
????????????2018???????
?????????????????????