????:1??????:??200?????

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????10???2???? (????? ?)????2??«2023??»??,2023???????(R&D)???3.3??(?????,?????),???33357.1???,?8.4%,??“???????”?“?????????7%?????”???????????????

???R&D??2012??????1?????????,2019??????2?????????????,2022??3?????????????????,???R&D????,??

????,2023??????R&D?????(R&D?????GDP??)????2.65%,?????????0.09???,??“???????”??????0.02??,?????????R&D??12??,???????(OECD)???(2.73%)?

??????R&D????2023??,???R&D??25922.2???????3856.3????????2753.3?????,???8.6%?1.1%??????14.1%????,?????????????R&D????????77.7%,???2022???0.1??,??(79.0%)?????(79.4%),??(67.4%)???(65.8%)???????

?R&D??????,2023??????????????2259.1????????????????3661.5????????27436.5??,?????????????11.6%?5.1%??8.5%????????,???R&D???????6.77%,???(???) ??:??????