????????????31????

???????????2????????????????????14??????????? (?? ???????)????????14??,???????8.5?????????????????????????,?39.2%,?1993???,??????????????????,??????????,?,?????????

?????????????,?????,???????????????????“?????????????????????????,???????????????‘?????????????’????????????????????‘????’???????????,???????????????50%,???????????,?????????”??????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????????,??80?????????????

???12????,??,??????

“????,?????????,???,???”?????

????,????“?????”?????????????????????“??????”?????????,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????,???,??????????(???)